1. Polarized deuterons and protons at NICA А.Коваленко NICA-SPIN_PRAGUE 2013 Charles University, Prague, July 7-12, 2013

2. Spin physics requirements NICA layout in polarized mode Polarization control schemes Technical concept of the schemes Polarized pp - expected luminosity Polarized pp – operation scenario Program “SPRINT” Outlook OUTLINE A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

3. A.D.Kovalenko Spin Physics Requirements The SPD preliminary program is aimed at the studies of  Drell-Yan processes,  J/ production processes,  Spin effects in elastic pp, pd and dd scattering,  Spin effects in inclusive high-pT reactions,  Polarization effects in heavy ions collisions Polarized beams of protons and deuterons requirements:  longitudinal and transverse polarizations in MPD and SPD detectors  pp s pp = 12 ÷ 27 GeV (5 ÷ 12.6 GeV kinetic energy )  dd s NN = 4 ÷ 13.8 GeV (2 ÷ 5.9 GeV/u ion kinetic energy ) ‏  L average ≈ 1∙10E32 cm -2 s -1 (at s pp ≥ 27 GeV)  Sufficient lifetime of polarization degree  Spin flipping at a high frequency (desirable mode) ‏ Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

4. Studying of polarized nn - and np – collisions is important. The possibilities of it’s triggering from pd- and dd- collisions should be considered. Fast bunch-to-bunch system of the luminosity measurement at the level of ~ 10 -4 measuring accuracy (!?)‏ is necessary The injector system should provide specified succession of bunches with different polarization direction plus filling the ring by unpolarized bunches as well. The systems of bunch passing synchronization at collision point (note, similar system is needed for nonpolarized mode as well) and the bunch polarization direction monitoring are necessary. The collisions of different polarized particles, like: pd-, p³He-, d³He at different energies (asymmetric collisions) are requested. Polarized jet target is necessary for absolute measurements of polarization. A.D.Kovalenko Some additional conditions to the facility operated in polarized proton and deuteron mode (discussible) Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

5. NICA Layout in Polarized Mode Polarized deuterons chain: «SPI – LU-20 – Nuclotron – Collider» (booster & new linac are not needed!)‏ Polarized deuterons chain: «SPI – LU-20 – Nuclotron – Collider» (booster & new linac are not needed!)‏ Polarized protons chain(2011): SPI – LU-20 – booster – Collider (with HF)‏ (we need booster & collider with stoch. cooling and acceleration)‏ Polarized protons chain(2011): SPI – LU-20 – booster – Collider (with HF)‏ (we need booster & collider with stoch. cooling and acceleration)‏ Polarized protons chain (new option): SPI – LU-20 – Nuclotron – Collider (with RF) (we need also collider with stoch.cooling and acceleration mode)‏ Polarized protons chain (new option): SPI – LU-20 – Nuclotron – Collider (with RF) (we need also collider with stoch.cooling and acceleration mode)‏ A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

6. A.D.Kovalenko NICA Layout in Polarized Mode Fore-injector LU-20: The project was optimized, the contract is approved Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

7. A.D.Kovalenko SPI at test bench Start of operation at LU-20: 2015 Cooperation Troitsk/Dubna Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

8. A.D.Kovalenko SPI - Source of Polarized Ions Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

9. A.D.Kovalenko Polarization control schemes in Nuclotron and NICA Collider We don’t need additional equipment to accelerate polarized deuterons in Nuclotron up to the energy of Е ≈ 5.6 GeV/u. (spin resonance)‏ Basic problem in the case of deuterons – changing of the spin direction because of large integral of the external magnetic field is necessary. _____________________________________________________ The problem of polarized protons acceleration (both as in the Nuclotron and in the booster) – numerous spin resonances. Feasible solution was found, nevertheless at limited particle energy range (5-6 GeV), whereas above that limit an additional acceleration up to 13.5 GeV (or higher) should be reached in the collider rings. No big problem to control the proton spin direction in the collider, however, it is important to study spin resonances under the particle acceleration over energy range from 5 to 13 GeV ( or even to higher energies). Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

10. A.D.Kovalenko SPIN’2012, Dubna, September, 2012 Proton polarization control at Nuclotron Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

11. A.D.Kovalenko Polarization control at NICA collider SPIN’2012, Dubna, September, 2012 Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

12. A.D.Kovalenko Proton polarization control at Nuclotron Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

13. Polarization control scheme in the Collider with spin tune = 0 If the two identical Siberian Snakes will be inserted in the opposite straight sections of the collider, then the spin tunes is equal to zero for any energies. Any arbitrary polarization direction of the particle is repeated after each turn. Thus, the possibility to stabilize any direction of the polarization at any point of the particle orbit by means of a small longitudinal field for different particle species is occurred. Blue arrows correspond to the case of longitudinal polarization in SPD, whereas the red ones – to vertical polarization in SPD A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

14. Solenoids with stationary fields of B max ~ 12.517 T can be used to obtain necessary integrals of longitudinal fields. (B || L) max =225 Tm (protons), (B || L) max =280 Tm (deuterons) ‏ Solenoid-based Siberian Snake Polarization control scheme in the Collider with spin tune = 0 A.D.Kovalenko Cooperation with the US, European and Russian Laboratories is desirable in the designing of such solenoids Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

15. L – polarization in SPD Vertical polarization in SPD Maximum field integral for protons and deuterons: (B || L) 1,2 < 0,5 Tm Maximum field integral for protons and deuterons: B || L<0,5 Tm Polarization control in the Collider by means of small longitudinal field integrals A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

16. Optimization of insertion scheme makes it possible:  standartization of the high field solenoid sections;  to provide staging of installation the snakes equipment into the collider;  unification of system elements, let say: 1 m solenoid section of 12.5 T each. Thus, combination of two such sections is satisfied to the protons of the maximum energy and can be used for the deuterons up to the momentum 1/3 of the maximum. Maximum field integral for protons and deuterons: (B || L) 1,2 <0,5 Tm Polarization control in the Collider by means of small longitudinal field integrals A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

17. The scheme of the solenoid coupling compensation are angles between quadruples normal and vertical accelerator axis is quadruples gradient The estimated parameters: B || L=80 Tm, E=14 GeV, g= 75 T/m L g =2(L 1 +L 2 )3 m B || L=0,5 Tm, E=14 GeV, g= 30 T/m L g =1,4 m The final optimization of the quadrupoles should follow to matching conditions with the lattice. A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

18. A.D.Kovalenko Scheme of NICA collider ring Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

19. Conclusions for NICA-Spin mode  The novel scheme of spin direction control in NICA collider suitable for any type of the particles is proposed.  The scheme, designed for protons need lower longitudinal field integral than at the single-snake one. Deuteron polarization control looks much more feasible.  The scheme provides the desired polarization direction in the both IP’s (MPD and SPD detectors), and gives also а possibility of simple decision the problems of polarization matching at injection and polarimetery  Realization of both as single - and multi - turn Spin Flipping systems are possible in such system A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

20. A.D.Kovalenko NICA pp-collisions peak luminosity Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

21. A.D.Kovalenko NICA polarized pp-collisions scenario and average luminosity  Average luminosity at E = 13.6 GeV: L ≈ 1 · 10³² cm-2·s-1 Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

22. Содержание проекта SPRINT A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013 NICA pp-collision some features Bunch-to-bunch “gymnastic”, i.e. succession of bunches with different spin directions and spin zero in between is excluded because bunch storage and acceleration regimes in the collider are necessary in the case.  Bunch-to-bunch “gymnastic”, i.e. succession of bunches with different spin directions and spin zero in between is excluded because bunch storage and acceleration regimes in the collider are necessary in the case. Thus, in our case the quanta of data set will be the time of refilling the collider (i.e. ~ 9000 s, or ~ 3 hours ) (polarization control in parallel?)  Thus, in our case the quanta of data set will be the time of refilling the collider (i.e. ~ 9000 s, or ~ 3 hours ) (polarization control in parallel?)

23. SPRINT – Spin Physics Research Infrastructure at NucloTron Research goal – development and put into operation modern infrastructure for the carrying experiments at polarized proton and deuteron beams of the Nuclotron/NICA facility The project should cover all aspects of the problem and to provide the possibility of the support all planned experiments at the facility. A.D.Kovalenko Research Infrastructure Upgrade Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

24. Deuteron beam polarimetry 4.1 General concept 4.2 Low energy polarimeter 4.3 Internal target polarimeter 4.4 Extracted beam polarimetery 4.5 Polarimetery in the Collider rings This section is under development and search for optimal solutions. Some results have been obtained (see the talk by P.Kurilkin) Nevertheless, the further more detailed specification of the measuring precision, measuring time, etc. A.D.Kovalenko Program SPRINT Status Deuteron polarimetery Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

25. Proton beam polarimetery 5.1 CNI polarimetry (in the collider rings) 5.2 Absolute calibration of polarization 5.3 Local polarimetery for MPD and SPD Proton beam polarization measurements can be performed by the deuteron polarimeter at the Nuclorton internal beam up to the momentum of 3-4 GeV. Collaboration: JINR, MEPHI, ITEP, BNL. A.D.Kovalenko Project SPRINT Status Proton polarimetery Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

26. Outlook: Status of the NICA construction Preparations to tender, Russian state expertise; Goal for 2013: to start NICA collider infrastructure realization work A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013

27. A.D.Kovalenko Conclusion Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013 some progress in NICA-SPIN design concept have been reached, nevertheless the work is still at the beginning stage. more definite design specification is necessary. the new collaborators are very desirable

28. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION A.D.Kovalenko Workshop NICA-SPIN-Prague, Charles University, 08 July, 2013