2. Synapomorphies that distinguish the fungi:
Absorptive heterotrophy
Chitin in cell walls

3. Fungi
The fungi live by absorptive nutrition, secreting digestive enzymes that break down large food molecules and absorbing the breakdown products.
Some are saprobes (feeding on dead matter); others are parasites. Some are active predators
A few have mutually beneficial (symbiotic) relationships with other organisms.

4. Fungi - body structure of the three most highly evolved clades
Fruiting structure - mushroom
Mycelium = mat of interwoven hyphae

5. Fungi – many hyphae are coenocytic

6. Fungal hyphae

7. Fungal hyphae – many attack living cells

8. Fungal hyphae – or even catch prey

9. Fungal hyphae – or consume dead/decaying organic matter

10. Fungal hyphae – or live in symbiotic relationships
Mycorrhizae on a eucalyptus root

11. Fungal hyphae – or live in symbiotic relationships:
Fungi + green algae = lichens

13. Fungi

14. Fungi - Chytridiomycota
most primitive types are chytrids
aquatic or parasitic
grouped with rest of fungi by molecular evidence
evolved from flagellated protists.

15. Fungi - Zygomycota

16. Reproduction by producing sporangiophores – asexual reproduction

17. Reproduction by producing zygospores (sexual reproduction)

18. Zygospore development

19. Fungi –Glomeromycota – mycorrhizal fungi – symbionts w/ plant roots

20. Fungi - Ascomycota (sac fungi)

21. Ascomycota reproduction
Note : some species have given up sexual reproduction altogether – see next slides….

22. Ascomycota (Penicillium) chemical defenses

23. Ascomycota (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

24. Basidiomycota (club fungi,mushrooms)

25. Basidiomycota (bracket fungus, puffball)

26. Releasing spores

27. Basidiomycota - poisonous Amanita muscaris and edible Agaricus bisporus

28. Basidiomycota reproduction

29. Lichen (fungi/green algae symbiosis)