1. LAB 5 MEDICINE & SOCIETY FACULTY OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA 1 DR ROZHAN SHARIFF B MOHAMED RADZI

2. LAB MEMBERS CHRISTINA SUZAIN ZARINA MOSIUNA117206 ARBAAYAH BINTI ABDUL RAHMANA116573 MUHAMMAD FAIRUS BIN ROMLIA116410 CHOW JUN YONGA116605 MOHD NAQIUDDIN BIN MOHD YUSOFA120705 KEE HOE TEONGA116433 JANANHEENDARAN A/L RAGADRANA116695 MUHAMMAD HAZWAN B ABDULLAHA116792 MELISSHA BINTI LUQMANA116536 STELLA KONG SAN SANA116523 TEO CHEE YANGA120633 SHAHRUL AZHAR BIN MD HANIFA116725 LAWRENCE NGI ING HOUA116541 CHUA YIN LOONGA116569 NOOR ‘AADILA BINTI SAADA116596 SITI NADIAH BT AHMAD SHAHROMA117226 SHAMINI A/P SANGASAMYA116817 2

3. INTRODUCTION Study performances achieved during the first year could be used to identify factors that influences it. Study performances achieved during the first year could be used to identify factors that influences it. By discovering the factors, we could learn to improve ourselves By discovering the factors, we could learn to improve ourselves 3

4. LITERATURE REVIEW 4 Social lifestyle “Social lifestyle affects one’s self esteem and behavior. Increased in both aspects support cognitive learning.” (Cocke, 2002) (Shephard, 1997) 4 Source : Does Physical Activity Influence Academic Performance? by Leslee J. Scheuer, Graduate Student and Dr. Debby Mitchell, Ed.D. Associate Professor Physical Education / Sports & Fitness University of Central Florida- Orlando, FL USA

5. 5 Diet “Low blood sugar levels, which occur when the body does not receive adequate sustenance, decrease cognitive ability.” (Morris and Sarll, 2001) 5 Source : Carol S. Weinstein, "The Physical Environment of School: A Review of the Research," Review of Educational Research, vol. 49, no. 4 (Autumn 1979), pp. 577–610. LITERATURE REVIEW

6. 6 Environmental “Environmental variables can impact learners indirectly. For example, distracting noises appear to slow reaction time and degrade performances” (Weinstein) Source : Carol S. Weinstein, "The Physical Environment of School: A Review of the Research," Review of Educational Research, vol. 49, no. 4 (Autumn 1979), pp. 577–610. LITERATURE REVIEW

7. Spirituality “Spirituality increases coping strengths and employment of positive coping mechanisms to deal with stress and contributed to improved contentedness and self esteem.” (Graham, Furr, Flowers, & Burke, 2001; Kampa,2000) 7 Source : Carol S. Weinstein, "The Physical Environment of School: A Review of the Research," Review of Educational Research, vol. 49, no. 4 (Autumn 1979), pp. 577–610. LITERATURE REVIEW

8. 8 Physical activity “Time dedicated to physical activity, academic performance meets and may even exceed that of students not receiving physical activity.” (Shephard, 1997) Source : Does Physical Activity Influence Academic Performance? by Leslee J. Scheuer, Graduate Student and Dr. Debby Mitchell, Ed.D. Associate Professor Physical Education / Sports & Fitness University of Central Florida- Orlando, FL USA LITERATURE REVIEW

9. GENERAL OBJECTIVE To determine various factors such as To determine various factors such as study environment student’s behavior social upbringing and healthy lifestyle that can influence study performance among 2 nd year medical students. 9

10. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES sociodemographic variables To determine the influence of sociodemographic variables on CGPA result of medical students. social upbringing To study the influence of social upbringing on CGPA result of medical students. their study methods To find the relationship between their study methods and CGPA result of medical students. social lifestyle of students To study the relationship between the social lifestyle of students and CGPA result of medical students. study environment To determine the influence of study environment on CGPA result of medical students. spirituality of student To study the association between the spirituality of student and CGPA result of medical students. 10

11. HYPOTHESIS male and female 1.a)There is a difference of study performances among the male and female medical students. between races b)There is a difference of study performances between races. family background peers 2. There is a strong influence of family background and peers on the CGPA achieved. study behavior of students 3. There is a significant association between the study behavior of students and CGPA achieved. healthy dietary and physical lifestyle habits and the ones that do not. 4. There is a significant difference of CGPA achievement between medical students with healthy dietary and physical lifestyle habits and the ones that do not. study environment 5. There is a strong influence of study environment on the medical students’ CGPA achievement. strong spirituality 6. There is a significant difference of CGPA achievement between medical students who have strong spirituality and students who do not. 11

12. METHODOLOGY Questionnaire : Questionnaire : self-administered Cross-sectional study Cross-sectional study Target population: Target population: 2 nd year UKM medical students 122 out of 227 batch 2008/2009 Analytic statistic Analytic statistic – ANOVA, Chi-Square, Correlation, T-test Significant level of p<0.05 Significant level of p<0.05 12

13. Convenience sampling Convenience sampling - 122 2 ND year medical students in UKM - Starting 28 July to 8 th August The average CGPA The average CGPA calculated for both semesters is 2.81 13 METHODOLOGY

14. QUESTIONNAIRES Sociodemographic ( Gender, Race, Religion) CGPA (Average of 2 semesters) Family Peer Education History Physical Diet Environment Spiritual 14

15. RESPONDENT : AGE 15 18 years old : 1 (0.82%) 19 years old : 19 (15.57 %) 20 years old : 90 (73.77 %) 21 years old : 12 (9.84 %)

16. RESPONDENT: GENDER 16 MALE : 52 (42.62 %) FEMALE : 70 (57.38%) RESPONDENT : GENDER

17. 17 MALAY : 72 (59.02 %) CHINESE : 42 (34.43%) INDIAN : 6 (4.92 %) OTHER : 2 (1.64%) RESPONDENT : RACE

18. RESPONDENT : RELIGION 18 MUSLIM : 72 (59.02%) BUDDHIST: 35 (28.69%) CHRISTIAN: 7 (5.74%) HINDU : 5 (4.10%) OTHERS : 3 (2.46%)

19. RESULT 19

20. Ho: There is no difference of study performances between male & female medical students 20 Factors Mean ± S.D. tp MaleFemale CGPA Average between Semesters 1 & 22.82 ± 0.422.81 ± 0.340.1970.845 P>0.05 – NOT SIGNIFICANT Ho is NOT REJECTED CONCLUSION : THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE OF STUDY PERFORMANCES BETWEEN MALE & FEMALE MEDICAL STUDENTS. T Test

21. Ho: There is no difference of study performances between races among the medical students. 21 ANOVA FACTORS AVERAGE CGPA OF SEM 1 & 2 Mean ± S.D.FP SOCIODEMOGRAPHY Races Malay2.64 ± 0.30 22.9460.001 Chinese3.12 ± 0.30 Indian2.75 ± 0.39 Others2.81 ± 0.43 CONCLUSION : THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN STUDY PERFORMANCES ACCORDING TO RACE, AMONG UKM 2 ND YR MEDICAL STUDENTS (CHINESE STUDENTS HAVE HIGHER MEAN CGPA) P<0.05 – SIGNIFICANT Ho is REJECTED

22. Ho: There is no influence of family background on the CGPA achieved. 22 ANOVA FACTORS CGPA Mean ± S.D.FP FAMILY Family’s Expectation High2.75 ± 0.34 2.9000.059 Medium2.87 ± 0.41 Low3.02 ± 0.34 CONCLUSION : THERE IS NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN CGPA ACCORDING TO FAMILY BACKGROUND, AMONG UKM 2 ND YR MEDICAL STUDENTS. P>0.05 – NOT SIGNIFICANT Ho is NOT REJECTED

23. Ho: There are no influences of peers on the CGPA achieved. 23 ANOVA FACTORS CGPA Mean ± S.D.FP PEER Feelings regarding relationship with friends Excellent2.76 ± 0.37 0.2580.856 Good2.83 ± 0.39 Average2.85 ± 0.47 Unsatisfied2.89 ± 0.27 Feelings regarding relationship with partner Excellent2.90 ± 0.31 0.4450.722 Good2.73 ± 0.43 Average2.68 ± 0.41 Unsatisfied2.81 ± 0.38 Effect regarding both Relationships Motivated2.86 ± 0.33 0.9750.380 Distress2.91 ± 0.08 No Comment2.76 ± 0.42 CONCLUSION : THERE IS NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN CGPA SCORE ACCORDING TO PEER INFLUENCE, AMONG UKM 2 ND YR MEDICAL STUDENTS. P>0.05 – NOT SIGNIFICANT Ho is NOT REJECTED

24. Ho : There is no difference between method of study with CGPA achieved. 24 CONCLUSION : THERE IS AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN METHOD OF STUDY WITH CGPA ACHIEVED BY UKM 2 ND YR MEDICAL STUDENTS (individual study method is associated with above average CGPA, compared to other methods) Chi-Square Test Factors Average CGPA for both semesters 22 p Above averageBelow average Studying method Individual58 (59.2%)40 (40.8%)7.1460.028 Group4 (33.3%)8 (66.7%) Other3 (25.0%)9 (75.0%) P<0.05 – SIGNIFICANT Ho is REJECTED

25. Ho : There is no association between dietary and physical lifestyle habits, with the CGPA achieved. 25 CONCLUSION : DIETARY AND PHYSICAL LIFESTYLE HABITS DO NOT SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCE THE CGPA ACHIEVED BY UKM 2 ND YR MEDICAL STUDENTS. Factors Average CGPA for both semesters 22 p Above averageBelow average PHYSICAL Exercise Yes35 (51.5%)33 (48.5%)0.1260.723 No29 (54.7&)24 (45.3%) DIET Breakfast Yes42 (56.8%)32 (43.2%)0.9140.339 No23 (47.9%)25 (52.1%) Lunch Yes52 (54.2%)44 (45.8%)0.1430.706 No13 (50.0%)13 (50.0) Dinner Yes45 (51.7%)42 (48.3%)0.2940.587 No20 (57.1%)15 (42.9%) Chi-Square Test P>0.05 – NOT SIGNIFICANT Ho is NOT REJECTED

26. Ho: There is no influence of study environment with the CGPA achieved. 26 CONCLUSION : THERE IS A WEAK BUT SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN STUDY ENVIRONMENT AND THE CGPA ACHIEVED BY UKM 2 ND YR MEDICAL STUDENTS. CORRELATION FACTORS CGPA Average both Semesters rIndicationp STUDY ENVIRONMENT Rate study environment0.214Poor0.018 P<0.05 – SIGNIFICANT Ho is REJECTED

27. Ho: There is no difference of CGPA achieved between medical students who have strong spirituality and students who do not. 27 Factors Average CGPA for both semesters 22 p Above averageBelow average SPIRITUALITY Does being religious help in study performances? Yes45 (46.4%)52 (53.6%)9.0190.003 No20 (80.0%)5 (20.0%) Chi Square Test CONCLUSION : THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN STUDY PERFORMANCE AND SPIRITUALITY AMONG UKM 2 ND YR MEDICAL STUDENTS. P<0.05 – SIGNIFICANT Ho is REJECTED

28. STUDY LIMITATIONS slightly over half of total 2 nd yr class size This study sample size (N= 122) is approximately only slightly over half of total 2 nd yr class size (> 200) May not accurately represent the true picture for entire class mainly to UKM 2 nd yr medical student population Study results applicable mainly to UKM 2 nd yr medical student population Respondents in other yrs / courses / universities may have different opinions / give different results Recall bias Recall bias Students’ memory to respond to questions involving past semesters may be less accurate with passage of time

29. CONCLUSION that affect The factors that affect the study performances (CGPA) of 2 nd year medical students are: RACES METHOD OF STUDY STUDY ENVIRONMENT SPIRITUALITY that do not The factors that do not affect the study performances (CGPA) GENDER FAMILY BACKGROUND INFLUENCE OF PEERS SOCIAL LIFESTYLE 29

30. SUGGESTIONS study individually Students should study individually because it give advantages for those who applied it Concentrate better conducive study environment We should choose a more conducive study environment to boost our study performance and achivement Be more spiritual!!!!! Be more spiritual!!!!! 30

31. REFERENCES “Does Physical Activity Influence Academic Performance?” by Leslee J. Scheuer, Graduate Student and Dr. Debby Mitchell, Ed.D. Associate Professor Physical Education / Sports & Fitness University of Central Florida- Orlando, FL USA “Diet quality and academic performance,” Journal of School Health by Florence, Michelle D.; Asbridge, Mark; Veugelers, Paul J. Carol S. Weinstein, "The Physical Environment of School: A Review of the Research," Review of Educational Research, vol. 49, no. 4 (Autumn 1979), pp. 577–610. “ Use of Spiritual Practices and Classroom Rituals of Connection to Reduce Impact of Stress in Social Work Students,” by Marleen Milner & Pam Criss. 31