1. 1 Eight Basic Grammar Points

2. 2 Tense Susan travels.Susan travels. Susan traveled.Susan traveled. Susan will travel.Susan will travel. What’s the name of this grammar point? –Tense shows how grammar expresses time.

3. 3 Tense English uses three tensesEnglish uses three tenses –Past –Present –Future next… next…

4. 4 Aspect Susan travels.Susan travels. Susan is traveling.Susan is traveling. Susan has traveled.Susan has traveled. Susan has been traveling.Susan has been traveling. These are all present tense, but clearly they are different. How, exactly, are they different? These are all present tense, but clearly they are different. How, exactly, are they different? What’s the name of this grammar point? What’s the name of this grammar point? –Aspect shows how action happens or unfolds in different ways.

5. 5 Aspect English uses four aspectsEnglish uses four aspects –Simple –Susan travels. –Progressive –Susan is traveling. –Perfect –Susan has traveled. –Perfect-progressive –Susan has been traveling. next… next…

6. 6 Gender I met the bishop at Church….I met the bishop at Church…. She shook my hand. She shook my hand. Not “she” but “he.”Not “she” but “he.” A: Where is the newspaper?A: Where is the newspaper? B: He’s on the table. B: He’s on the table. Not “he’s” but “it’s.”Not “he’s” but “it’s.” What’s the name of this grammar point? –Gender shows male/female distinction. English generally follows natural gender. next… next…

7. 7 Number She bought one pencil.She bought one pencil. *She bought one pencils.*She bought one pencils. She bought many pencils.She bought many pencils. *She bought many pencil.*She bought many pencil. Singular and plural seem to be important. Singular and plural seem to be important. What’s the name of this grammar point? What’s the name of this grammar point? –Number shows singular and plural. It also considers count and noncount. next… next…

8. 8 Person I like pizza.I like pizza. You like pizza.You like pizza. He likes pizza.He likes pizza. (We like pizza; You like pizza; They like pizza) What’s the name of this grammar point? –Person distinguishes 1) the speaker, 2) the person spoken to, and 3) the person or thing spoken about. –Notice that I-we, you-you, he-they is a number difference. Next… Next…

9. 9 Case Give the money to me.Give the money to me. *Give the money to I.*Give the money to I. I want a cookie.I want a cookie. *Me want cookie.*Me want cookie. I, me, my; you, your; he, him, his; her, hers; they, them, their…. I, me, my; you, your; he, him, his; her, hers; they, them, their…. What’s the name of this grammar point? What’s the name of this grammar point? –Case shows the difference between subjects, objects, and possessives. Next… Next…

10. 10 Voice The bishop stole my Hello-Kitty motorcycle jacket.The bishop stole my Hello-Kitty motorcycle jacket. My Hello-Kitty motorcycle jacket was stolen by the bishop.My Hello-Kitty motorcycle jacket was stolen by the bishop. My Hello-Kitty motorcycle jacket was stolen.My Hello-Kitty motorcycle jacket was stolen. Active and passive seem to be important. What’s the name of this grammar point? –Voice allows a change of emphasis with subjects, objects, and agents. Next… Next…

11. 11 Mood Susan likes chicken.Susan likes chicken. Does Susan like chicken?Does Susan like chicken? Eat this chicken(!)Eat this chicken(!) If Susan were a chicken….If Susan were a chicken…. Here are four different “feelings” with similar ideas. What’s the name of this grammar point? –Mood shows the different intentions or purposes of a sentence. –Mood does not mean happy, sad, angry.

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