1. Reasons for Misbehavior Stage of Growth: the child is behaving in a normal manner for the stage of growth he/she is in: power, attention, revenge, assumed inadequacy are normal Unfulfilled Needs: The child’s needs are not being met and she/he is acting out in order to try to get his/her needs met.

2. Reasons for Misbehavior Environment: The child is uncomfortable in or does not understand his/her environment. Doesn’t know Better: The child has not been taught the concept he/she is dealing with.

3. Positive Guidance Discipline: guidance which helps the child learn self-control Self-discipline: ability to direct one’s own behavior Children may rebel when parents punish rather than discipline Attention is a powerful reinforcer to guide children: they often misbehave for attention Example: Positive guidance is a very effective way to teach children desired behavior Consistency is the key to guidance Respond to aggressive behavior in non-aggressive ways

4. Types of Guidance Techniques

5. 1. Natural and Logical Consequences Natural Consequences: When a child sees the natural consequences of their actions, they experiences the direct results of their choices. –For example, if your child drops their cookies on purpose, they will not have cookies to eat. Cannot be used if the consequence will cause harm to self, others or property, or too far in the future. Logical Consequences: Create a consequence that is relevant to the misbehavior. –For example, if Sally spills the paint, she must clean up the mess that is made Short in duration, not imposed in anger, provide opportunities for children to learn from their behavior

6. 2. Positive Statements When guiding children, phrase all requests in a positive manner Example: say, “Let’s walk to the blocks,” rather than, “Don’t run to the blocks” Clearly states what is expected, then help them get started Talk to children at their eye level when giving directions

7. 3. Redirection Get them to focus on something else. Example: If they are angry at the blocks area, lead them to a different area of the room and introduce a different activity Children up to two years old can be easily distracted

8. 4. Reverse Attention When a child’s behavior is inappropriate, focus on a child who is displaying the appropriate behavior and make a positive comment If the child changes their behavior, they should be immediately reinforced with a positive statement. IGNORE negative and REINFORCE positive behavior

9. 5. Limited Choices Do not give children choices unless they can really have what is chosen. Only give choices that are available. Example: “Do you want juice or water for a drink?” rather than, ‘What would you like to drink?”

10. 6. Time Out Use a place where there are no distractions or positive reinforcers When a child has disobeyed a rule, they should be sent to a predetermined place to distance themselves from the problem and gain composure. When a child is told to go into time-out, a parent should only say, "Time-out for...." and state the particular offense. –There should be no further discussion. Use a kitchen timer to count down your child's punishment time, which is usually one minute per year of age. –Ex: A 3 year old should only be in time out for up to 3 minutes. While in time out, the child should not be permitted to talk, watch TV, mumble, or listen to the radio. Should be a last option, limited use.

11. When Spanking is NOT the Best Choice It may seem to work at the moment, but it is no more effective in changing behavior than a time-out. Spanking increases children's aggression and anger instead of teaching responsibility. Parents may intend to stay calm but often do not. Spanking can lead to physical struggles and even escalate to the point of harming the child. Children who continue to be spanked are more likely to be depressed, use alcohol, have more anger, hit their own children, approve of and hit their spouses, and engage in crime and violence as adults. –These results make sense since spanking teaches the child that causing others pain is justified to control them—even with those they love.

12. The "3 Fs" of Positive Parenting Discipline should be: –Firm: Consequences should be clearly stated and then adhered to when the inappropriate behavior occurs. –Fair: The punishment should fit the crime. Also in the case of recurring behavior, consequences should be stated in advance so the child knows what to expect. –Friendly: Use a friendly but firm communication style when letting a child know they have behaved inappropriately and let them know they will receive the "agreed upon" consequence. Encourage them to try to remember what they should do instead to avoid future consequences. Work at "catching them being good" and praise them for appropriate behavior.

13. 10 Points of Discipline 1.Give Previous Warning 2.Offer a Choice 3.Regular Routines 4.Avoid Nagging 5.Be Consistent 6.Always be Positive 7.Make sure Communication is Occurring 8.Examine Standards of Behavior 9.Avoid Arguments 10.Be Self-Confident