1. The Jewish Family:
A Community of Faith

2. Betrothal and Marriage
People married early in life.
Men married no later than age twenty
Women married as soon as they were physically able to bear children, which the Law defined as twelve and a half years of age.
Mary was probably no older than fourteen when she bore Jesus.

3. Period of Engagement Marriages were arranged by the parents
The father of the prospective husband
The marriage was preceded by a period of betrothal, or engagement, which lasted for about a year.

4. The year gave the couple time to get to know each other.
The Law recognized many of the rights and obligations of marriage during the time of betrothal.
For example: a betrothed woman found guilty of adultery was stoned to death, just as she would have been if she were married.
She was considered the property of her future husband
Such punishments applied only to women
Adultery by a man was a crime only if it involved a married or betrothed woman, because in that case the act injured the stability of a family.

5. The Wedding Feast The wedding was a great event
Sometimes lasting for more than a week
There was much eating and drinking
The lack of wine might ruin the party
Ex. The wedding at Cana

6. The Husband’s Role
After the marriage, the husband was recognized as truly the head of the family.
His wife even called him lord or master.

7. Sons and daughters were recognized as his property
Even the Law allowed the father to sell them into slavery if they committed a crime.
Had the right to put to death a child who disobeyed.

8. Monogamy
Polygamy had been allowed for men early in the history of the Jews.
By the time of Jesus, monogamy was recognizes as the ideal.

9. A Patriarchal Society Women were considered the property of men.
Women were considered inferior to men.
Women did not eat with men but instead ate while standing and serving them.
Women kept a distance from men on the streets and were restricted to certain areas of the Temple.
Jesus & women
His disciples “were astonished that he was speaking with a woman” (John 4:27).

10. Women did have some recognized rights in Jewish society
Despite the inequalities, Jewish women and children actually had a better life and were more respected and loved than those of many other cultures of the time.
Women did have some recognized rights in Jewish society
The right to be housed, clothed, and fed
Jewish men took this responsibility seriously

11. Social classes
In the Jewish society, part of what determined social position was religious tradition.
The priestly class could claim some degree of social importance or nobility on religious grounds

12. No Middle Class A few rich, many poor There were very few rich people
only those who had somehow acquired land and the power that went with it
or who had accumulated wealth through trade or political influence.
Jewish society also had its very poor
who were comparable with today’s homeless people.

13. In-groups and Outcasts
Ancient Jewish society included many occupations and trades.
People who worked hard were greatly respected.
Some workers were held in higher esteem than others.
Sandal makers and woodworkers were thought to be better than tanners (who smelled bad) and perfume salesmen (who were in continual contact with prostitutes).

14. All these people were excluded from the center of religious life
Outcasts include
those who were labeled unclean
lepers
the extremely poor
the sick
the women
The Samaritans
All these people were excluded from the center of religious life