1. THE ROLE AND USE OF MILITARY HISTORY

2. Integrate Historical Awareness and Critical Thinking Skills Derived from Military History Methodologies into the Training and Education of Self And Subordinate Leaders

3. What is Military History? The record of all activities of all armed forces (including armies, navies, and air forces) in war and peace.

4. WHY DO YOU STUDY MILITARY HISTORY?

5. HOW DO YOU STUDY MILITARY HISTORY? VERY CAREFULLY AND METHODICALLY

6. Activities Included in the Study of Military History u Battles & Campaigns u Strategy & Tactics u Doctrine & Training u Organizations u Logistics u Military & Society u Weapons & Technology u Military Leaders

7. STUDY CAUSE AND EFFECT TO DIRECT AND CONTROL FUTURE EVENTS

8. STUDY: IN WIDTH OBSERVE EVENTS OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME TO OBSERVE CHANGE

9. STUDY: IN DEPTH STUDY IN ENOUGH DETAIL TO GET BEHIND ANY GENERALIZATIONS

10. Using Military History u Learn from past experience u Understand military concepts u Study lives of soldiers in the past u Understand doctrinal evolution u Broaden knowledge of military subjects u Understand leadership issues u Learn about strategy & tactics

11. STUDY: IN CONTEXT ARMIES REFLECT BOTH THEIR ERA AND THEIR SOCIETY

12. “I am convinced that much more emphasis should be placed on history. The purpose of history is to learn how human beings react when exposed to the danger of wounds or death...” General George S. Patton, Jr.

13. “Nothing is done in war, except by calculation. Every enterprise should be conducted according to a system. Chance alone can never bring success.” Napoleon

14. “A man’s greatest pleasure is to defeat his enemies, to drive them before him, to take from them that which they possessed, to see those whom they cherished in tears, to ride their horses, to hold their wives. I forbid you to show mercy to my enemies. Leave nothing but uninhabited ruins, neither a cat nor a dog.” Genghis Khan

15. HISTORY SHARPENS JUDGMENT Critical Thinking Skills- Based on Study of Operational Military History

16. HISTORY IMPROVES PERCEPTION Critical Thinking Skills- Based on Study of Institutional Military History

17. HISTORY BROADENS PERSPECTIVES Critical Thinking Skills- Based on Study of Biographical Military History

18. Misusing Military History u History provides understanding, not proof. u History provides insight, not analogy.

19. METHODOLOGIES u The Ten Threads of Continuity. u Battle Analysis.

20. TEN THREADS OF CONTINUITY 19TH CENTURY

21. OUR ONLY VERIFIED DATA ON COMBAT COMES FROM HISTORY.

22. TIDY SOLUTIONS TO BATTLE ON COMPUTER PRINTOUTS IS A DELUSION- HISTORICALLY ALL WARS WERE VERY UNTIDY.

23. MILITARY HISTORY PROVIDES THE ARMY’S INSTITUTIONAL MEMORY.

24. MILITARY HISTORY PROVIDES A GUIDE TO HOW TROOPS BEHAVE IN BATTLE.

25. THE PRINCIPLES OF WAR PROVIDE A SENSE OF DIRECTION.

26. MILITARY HISTORY REVEALS THE PATTERNS, TRENDS & RELATIONSHIPS NECESSARY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DOCTRINE.

27. DOCTRINE PROVIDES THE BRIDGE BETWEEN THE CONCEPT OR THEORY AND THE APPLICATION OF THAT THEORY.

28. THE ROLE OF MILITARY HISTORY IS TO PROVIDE A METHOD TO LOOK BACK IN ORDER TO LOOK AHEAD.

29. BATTLE ANALYSIS

30. TASK Integrate Historical Awareness and Critical Thinking Skills Derived from Military History Methodologies into the Training and Education of Self and Subordinate Leaders. TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE Apply knowledge of military history and battle analysis to the professional development of self and subordinate leaders.

31. BATTLE ANALYSIS

32. Role and Use LTG George S. Patton, Jr.: “To be a successful soldier, you must know history.”

33. Role and Use u Learn from past experience u Understand military concepts u Study lives of soldiers in the past u Understand doctrinal evolution u Broaden knowledge of military subjects u Understand leadership issues u Learn about strategy & tactics Using Military History

34. Basic Battle Analysis Military History and the Conduct of Battle

35. Basic Battle Analysis What is Battle Analysis? A method used by the U.S. Army to provide a systematic approach to the study of battles, campaigns, and other operations.

36. Basic Battle Analysis u Define the subject. u Set the stage. u Describe the action. u Draw lessons and insights. Battle Analysis Steps

37. Basic Battle Analysis Battle Analysis: Step 1 -- Define the Subject

38. Basic Battle Analysis u Pick a subject appropriate to the level of operations of interest. u Select a topic related to the types of lessons desired. Battle Analysis: Step 1--Define the Subject (what, where, when, who)

39. Basic Battle Analysis u Quantity and type of sources (books, articles, and other). u Quality of sources (content, bias, and intent). Battle Analysis: Step 1--Define the Subject (determine sources)

40. BATTLE ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY STEP I EVALUATE THE HISTORICAL RESOURCES u Determine the research sources u Evaluate the research sources

41. Basic Battle Analysis Battle Analysis: Step 2 -- Set the Stage

42. Basic Battle Analysis u Type of conflict. u Objectives of the principal antagonists. u Military systems. u Previous experience of forces. Battle Analysis: Step 2--Set the Stage-- Strategic Factors

43. Basic Battle Analysis u Context u Objectives u Additional factors (alliances, tactics, doctrine, and personalities) Battle Analysis: Step 2--Set the Stage-- Operational Setting

44. Basic Battle Analysis u Alternatives u Area of Operations u Weather u Terrain Battle Analysis: Step 2--Set the Stage-- Tactical Situation

45. Basic Battle Analysis Battle Analysis: Step 2--Set the Stage-- Compare Forces Size & composition Technology Logistics C3 Intelligence Doctrine & training Condition & morale Leadership

46. Basic Battle Analysis u State missions of opposing forces u Describe initial disposition of forces u Describe opening moves u Detail major phases u State outcome Battle Analysis: Step 3--Describe the Action

47. Basic Battle Analysis u Why did events turn out the way they did? u What is relevant about this study to current operations? Battle Analysis: Step 4--Draw Lessons & Insights

48. Basic Battle Analysis u Who won? Who lost? u What were the constants that affected the outcome? Battle Analysis: Step 4--Draw Lessons & Insights-- Cause & Effect

49. Basic Battle Analysis u Principles of War u Tenets of Airland Operations u Battlefield Operating Systems Battle Analysis: Step 4--Draw Lessons & Insights-- Military Lessons

50. Principles of War u Objective u Offensive u Mass u Economy of Force u Maneuver u Unity of Command u Surprise u Security u Simplicity

51. Dynamics of Combat Power u MANEUVER u FIREPOWER u PROTECTION u LEADERSHIP u INFORMATION