1. Identical Twins

2. Genome * The complete set of genetic material in an organism

3. What is the epigenome?

4. Epigenome * DNA modifications that do not change the DNA sequence

5. * Chemical changes (specifically methylation) that regulate can gene activity

6. Everyone, not just twins, is affected by epigenetic factors

7. Turn genes on or off

8. * Brain Cells * Skin Cells

9. Same genome, different production of proteins!

10. Epigenetic Tags

11. *Diet *Sun exposure *Stress

12. Yellow: Twins shave epigenetic tags in the same place

13. Red and Green: show where twins have epigenetic tags in different places

14. Dietary Influences

15. Nutrient *Resveratrol Epigenetic Role *Removes acetyl groups from histones, improving health

16. Food? *Red Wine

17. NutrientEpigenetic Role *DADS*Increased histone acetylation turning on anti- cancer genes

18. Food? *Garlic

19. Borderline Personality Disorder B.D.P.

20. What is it? * Mental illness with persistent long-term symptoms * Impulsive behavior, outbursts and depression

21. How does it relate to epigenetics and identical twins?

22. Increased methylation Changes in depression, hopelessness and impulsivity

23. 0%100% Percent of twins who share the trait

24. Percent of twins who share the trait decreasing 0% 100%

25. Case Study

26. Similarities

27. Careers

29. Musical Interests

30. * Largely Innate * “The parents of 394 pairs of twins reported that both twins took music lessons”

31. Differences

32. Eye Site

33. * Genetic aspect * Certain activities --TV/Video games or reading

34. Height

35. *About 80% genetic *Nutrition

36. *Different populations *Caloric intake

37. Allergies

38. Environmental Factors *Order of birth with siblings *Exposure to germs *Breast-feeding

39. What causes allergies? *Immune system Are allergies genetic? *Somewhat

40. Works Cited