1. Challenges of the Post-World War I Era 1914-Present Lesson 4

2. Main Ideas: With its focus on national interests rather than global peace, the Versailles Treaty laid the foundation for another world warWith its focus on national interests rather than global peace, the Versailles Treaty laid the foundation for another world war In the decade following the war, the Western world faced economic volatility, colonial resistance, cultural disillusionment, and fears of communismIn the decade following the war, the Western world faced economic volatility, colonial resistance, cultural disillusionment, and fears of communism

3. Wilson & the Paris Peace Conference Late entry of US into the warLate entry of US into the war The 14 PointsThe 14 Points – break up old empires – self-determination of states – The League of Nations

4. Fundamentals of the Versailles Treaty Old empires dissolved, new “nation-states”Old empires dissolved, new “nation-states” FRA occupies:FRA occupies: – GER Rhineland – Saar R. Valley ⅔ of GER coal & iron ⅔ of GER coal & iron GER gains from Brest-Litovsk dissolvedGER gains from Brest-Litovsk dissolved GER reparationsGER reparations – $23 billion over 52 yrs. Art. 231—War Guilt ClauseArt. 231—War Guilt Clause

5. Reasons for “A Peace Built on Quicksand” USA Rejects the LeagueUSA Rejects the League –Fear of “entanglements” –League has “no teeth” Italy & JapanItaly & Japan – Key in victory, but ignored in Treaty

6. Reasons for “A Peace Built on Quicksand” Humiliation of GermanyHumiliation of Germany – Territorial loss – Impact of reparations – Read between the lines: Art. 231 – The German Perspective

7. The Aftermath: Europe & the USA Influenza Pandemic, 1919-20Influenza Pandemic, 1919-20 – 20 million deaths Economic downs & upsEconomic downs & ups – production declines & employment issues – mass culture Radio, Movies, SportsRadio, Movies, Sports “The Red Scare”“The Red Scare”

8. The Aftermath: Europe & the USA GermanyGermany –Reparations & Hyperinflation –The Weimar Republic reconciliation reconciliation limitations limitations –Political Extremes CommunismCommunism Fascism (Nazis)Fascism (Nazis)

9. The Aftermath: Europe & the USA Intellectual MovementsIntellectual Movements –Existentialism Meaning through individual choice (Nietzsche, Freud)Meaning through individual choice (Nietzsche, Freud) “The Lost Generation”“The Lost Generation” –Joyce, Kafka, Camus, Remarque –Hemingway, Fitzgerald – Surrealism “dreamscapes”, images disjointed & chaotic (view of post-war world); trying to mesh conscious & unconscious “dreamscapes”, images disjointed & chaotic (view of post-war world); trying to mesh conscious & unconscious –Cubism attempt to view subject in all possible times & spaces—all on one flat surface; influenced by photography & Einstein’s relativity theory attempt to view subject in all possible times & spaces—all on one flat surface; influenced by photography & Einstein’s relativity theory –Dada “art of nonsense”—no meaning or direction, art has no answers “art of nonsense”—no meaning or direction, art has no answers

10. Surrealism Salvador Dali – The Persistence of Memory

11. Surrealism Joán Miró – Harlequin’s Carnival

12. Marcel Duchamp – Nude Descending a Staircase Cubism

13. Pablo Picasso – Tres Musiciones Cubism

14. Dada Jean Arp – Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance

15. Dada Marcel Duchamp – Fountain