1. PURITANISM

2. Puritan Beliefs The Puritan belief is based around God’s supreme power over all human affairs. Puritanism refers to “purifying” the Church of England. Puritans wanted to simplify the ways of worship and organization in the Church.

3. Puritans Beliefs cont. Puritans fought against the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church. They considered the way of Catholic worship and rituals idolatry. They thought that worship should go to God and not the church. Puritans did not believe there should be an intermediary between a person and God.

4. Puritan Beliefs cont. Saint John Chrysostom spoke against drama and other worldly endeavors. The Puritans adopted his views against the arts.

5. Puritan Beliefs cont. Much emphasis was placed on reading and understanding the Bible. Education was extremely important. They thought the Pope comparable to the Antichrist. Some Puritans were less strict than others, but most wanted to completely absolve the Catholic Church and its teachings.

6. Puritans at the Church Level Puritans believed the Bible to be the literal word of God. Their belief was based around whether a person was “saved” and going to heaven or “damned” and going to hell. Most Puritans believed that the worship and teachings of the church should be strictly regulated to what is commanded in the Bible.

7. Puritan Foundations in America The Pilgrims, and many of our founding fathers, were puritans. The Pilgrims on the extremist side emigrated from England to create a more pure society. Puritans came to America in hopes of religious freedom. Our founding fathers were moderate puritans; they seeked to put religious principals into the constitution.

8. Puritan Life The church, the family, and the state were the basis of each Puritan colony. Each colony was governed by a governor and “elect” group consisting mostly of ministers. Ministers were the most respected people in society. Puritan government was not complex due to the fact that Puritan religion/beliefs structured most of the people’s actions. (Puritans believed in doing good to others, working diligently, etc.) Each household functioned as a small government of its own. The male was considered the head of the house. Puritans placed an emphasis on education. Harvard College was originally founded to train Puritan ministers. It was a requirement to read the Bible.

9. Puritan Punishments 1. Benefit of clergy - the convicted may plead benefit of clergy, in which case, if they can read a passage from the Bible without one mistake, their sentence will be reduced. 2. Stocks - the convicted will have his head and hands placed in a locked stockade for the remainder of the day, and the community will be invited to pelt him with food. The convicted must clean up anything he is pelted with. 3. Wearing a sign - the convicted must make their own sign to hang around their neck, which indicates their crime. 4. Branding - the convicted is marked with letters that stand for their crime - HT for hog thief, A for adulterer. The branding can be on the cheek, forehead, or more mildly on the hand or finger. 5. Ducking stool - for women only, usually used in the case of gossip. The woman shall be confined in a chair and dunked in water. 6. Whipping - for men only, a common punishment. A number of "lashes" is administered to the convicted's back. Lashes usually number from 5 to 20. 7. Public shaming - a milder form of punishment, the convicted is pulled on a rope through the town, while the community is invited to point fingers at him, tell him he is naughty, and pelt him with small objects. Source: http://en.allexperts.com/q/U-S-History-672/2009/5/Puritan-law-punishment-laws.htm http://en.allexperts.com/q/U-S-History-672/2009/5/Puritan-law-punishment-laws.htm

10. Puritan Punishments Cont. Hanged Burnt Put in Stockades Burn hole in tongue Chop off fingers Tied up while crowd throws fruit Exiled

11. Puritan Literature The Bible served as an archetype. Diaries and histories were the most common writings. Puritans favored a plain writing style. Used clear expressions Avoided complicated speech

12. Famous People Benjamin Franklin Franklin was born into a religious Puritan family. He was expected to become a minister but could not afford the necessary education. While Franklin was not very religious, all of his diligent work ethics and morals were based on Puritan beliefs. Franklin was very influential in the founding of America as an independent country.

13. End to the Puritans Puritan beliefs were challenged by the Age of Reason (the Enlightenment). Puritanism ended around 1734 with the start of the Great Awakening. While Puritan Beliefs still exist today, most of the strict practices of the Puritans have come to an end.

14. American political cartoon a man aiming a gun at a man representing colonial America; He tells a British member of Parliament, "I give you that man's money for my use", to which the American responds by saying, "I will not be robbed American Revolution

15. The “Shot Heard Round the World” British soldiers in sent to capture weapons. Paul Revere warns the colonists “The Red Coats are coming.” The first two battles of Revolution fought at Lexington and Concord

16. The Second Continental Congress The Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia to discuss the next move of the colonists. Appointed George Washington as commander of the colonial army. War with Great Britain was imminent.

17. "Who and what was Benjamin Franklin?" Involved in the Stamp Act Helped write the Declaration of Independence President of Society for Abolition of Slavery

18. Ben Franklin- His Life Organized first fire company Invented glasses Invented stove and heating Introduced electricity

19. Ben Franklin- His Life Inventor philosoph er Politician Soldier Firefighte r Ambassa dor family man Shopkeepe r Bookseller Cartoonist Grandfathe r anti-slavery agitator Mason deist

20. Known for his aphorisms A tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion; an adage A brief statement of words of wisdom into few words.

21. Examples 'A watched pot never boils.” "If you always do what you always did, you will always get what you always got.“-(Jackie "Moms" Mabley) "The first rule of Fight Club is--you do not talk about Fight Club.“- (Brad Pitt as Tyler Durden, Fight Club)

22. Thomas Jefferson

23. His Life Political philosopher Intellectual leader in England Originator of American principals Primary author of Declaration of Independence “Father of Archeology”

24. His Life Invented automatic doors Designed University of Virginia Believed American’s had certain rights

25. Writing Jeffers on Parall elism Favore d States ’ Rights Straig ht forwar d Diplom atic Henry Passio nate Favore d free rights Straig ht forwar d Persua sive Graphi c Frankli n Metaph ors Focuse d on middle class Narrat ive Plains poken

26. References mrkash.com/activities/independence.ppt Thomas Jefferson memorial and historical society Ben Franklin Museum: historical information