1. Matter Has mass and takes up space

2. Elements If all the atoms in a substance are alike then it is an element. If all the atoms in a substance are alike then it is an element. Ex. Copper coating of most pennies. All the atoms are copper. Ex. Copper coating of most pennies. All the atoms are copper. Ex. The metal substance beneath the copper in the penny is another element called zinc. Ex. The metal substance beneath the copper in the penny is another element called zinc. There are 90 elements found in nature. There are 90 elements found in nature.

3. Compounds Two or more elements can combine to form substances called compounds. Two or more elements can combine to form substances called compounds. Ex. Water is a compound where two atoms of the element hydrogen combine with one atom of oxygen (H2O). Ex. Water is a compound where two atoms of the element hydrogen combine with one atom of oxygen (H2O). Ex. Table salt (sodium chloride) is a compound of sodium, which is a metal, and chlorine, which is a gas, but combine together to make salt. Ex. Table salt (sodium chloride) is a compound of sodium, which is a metal, and chlorine, which is a gas, but combine together to make salt. Compounds usually look different from the elements in them. Compounds usually look different from the elements in them.

4. Mixtures A mixture is a material made up of two or more substances that con be easily seperated by physical means. A mixture is a material made up of two or more substances that con be easily seperated by physical means.

5. Heterogeneous Mixture It is a mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily. It is a mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily. Unlike compounds, mixtures do not always contain the same proportions of the substances that make them up. Unlike compounds, mixtures do not always contain the same proportions of the substances that make them up. Ex. If you are making a pizza you don’t exactly measure how much of each topping is on each pizza. Ex. If you are making a pizza you don’t exactly measure how much of each topping is on each pizza. Look at the labels in your clothes. Most clothing is made up of a mixture of different fibers. This is an example of a heterogeneous mixture. Look at the labels in your clothes. Most clothing is made up of a mixture of different fibers. This is an example of a heterogeneous mixture. An ingredient in a mixture might be a mixture in its self, like the cheese in the pizza. An ingredient in a mixture might be a mixture in its self, like the cheese in the pizza.

6. Homogeneous Mixture It is a mixture that contains two or more gases, liquids, or solid substance blended evenly throughout. It is a mixture that contains two or more gases, liquids, or solid substance blended evenly throughout. Another name for a homogenous mixture is a solution. Another name for a homogenous mixture is a solution. It is a homogeneous mixture of particles so small that they connot be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their container. It is a homogeneous mixture of particles so small that they connot be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their container. Solutions remain constantly and uniformly mixed. Solutions remain constantly and uniformly mixed.

7. Colloid Mixture It is a type of mixture that never settles. Its particles stay in place. It is a type of mixture that never settles. Its particles stay in place. Ex. Milk Ex. Milk It contains water, fats, and proteins in different proportions, and also its components won’t settle if left standing. It contains water, fats, and proteins in different proportions, and also its components won’t settle if left standing.

8. How do you tell if it is a colloid instead of a solution? How do you tell if it is a colloid instead of a solution? By its appearance. By its appearance. You can pass a beam of light through a colloid and it should be very easily seen. Pg. 523 You can pass a beam of light through a colloid and it should be very easily seen. Pg. 523 This happens because the particles in the colloid are large enough to scatter light and the particles in the solution are not. This happens because the particles in the colloid are large enough to scatter light and the particles in the solution are not. This scattering of light is called the Tyndall effect. This scattering of light is called the Tyndall effect.

9. Suspension Mixture It is a heterogeneous misture that contains a liquid that has visible particles that settle. It is a heterogeneous misture that contains a liquid that has visible particles that settle. Ex. Pond water Ex. Pond water If you mix the water up and then let it settle the larger particles will fall to the bottom. If you mix the water up and then let it settle the larger particles will fall to the bottom. Ex. Deltas Pg. 524 Ex. Deltas Pg. 524