1. THE MICROSCOPE Dr. NADIA AHMAD ANATOMY DEPARTMENT AZRA NAHEED MEDICAL COLLEGE LAHORE

2. ANATOMY Macroscopic Anatomy –Gross Anatomy Microscopic Anatomy –Cytology –Histology –Organology Developmental Anatomy –Embryology

3. Cell! Organism  Protoplasm Smallest unit of protoplasm capable of independent existence is called a CELL. Cells  Tissues  Organ  Organ System

4. Histology Compliments the study of gross Anatomy Structural basis for the study of function, Physiology Knowledge of normal histology is important for the study of Pathology, alteration in the structure & function of the body by any disease

6. Microscopy Observations by means of a microscope is called microscopy. –The usefulness of any type of microscope depends on the following 2 qualities 1.Magnifying Power: ability to enlarge a image 2.Resolving Power: ability to differentiate 2 points situated close together (resolution) Inversely related to wavelength of the source of illumination employed. Shorter the wavelength greater the resolving power.

7. THE MICROSCOPE Types of microscope Light Microscopy (visible light) 1.Bright Field Microscopy 2.Florescence Microscopy 3.Phase control Microscopy & Differential Interference Microscopy 4.Confocal Microscopy 5.Polarizing Microscopy Electron Microscopy (Invisible radiations) 1.Transmission Electron Microscopy 2.Scanning Electron Microscopy

8. OPTICAL OR LIGHT MICROSCOPE 1.Condenser 2.Objective 3.Occular Magnifying Power = 1200x--1500x Resolving Power =0.24µm—0.1µm

9. Measurements UNITSYMBOLVALUE Micrometer (Micron) µm0.001mm (1/1000mm) Nanometer (Millimicron) nm0.001um (1/1000um) AngstromÅ0.1nm=0.0001 µm=1x1/10000 000mm

10. Preparation of tissues for Study 1. Fixation. –Fixation –Dehydration –Clearing –Infilteration 2.Embedding & Sectioning. –Microtome –Cryostat 3.Staining. –Haemotoxylin & Eosin –Periodic Schiff Staining (PAS)