1. Microscopes Compound Bright-Field Light Microscope
Maximum Useful Magnification =
1200X
Why?

2. Resolution Useful magnification is limited by Resolution
Resolution is influenced by Numerical Aperture (NA)
NA determined by Wavelength of Light and Refractive Index
Improve Magnification
Shorten Wavelength
Increase Refractive Index

3. Staining Simple Stains Light Microscope - Colored Dye
Electron Microscope -
Electron Dense
Differential Stains
Gram Stain

4. Gram Stain Most Important Stain Key Bacteriological Test
Conventional Stain
Multiple Steps & Subjective
Fluorescent Stain
One Step & +/-

5. Optical Tricks
Oil Immersion Lens
Dark Field Microscope

6. Phase Contrast Microscopes
Other Microscopes
Phase Contrast Microscopes

7. Fluorescent Microscopes

8. More Microscopes Interference Contrast Microscope
Atomic Force Microscope

9. Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope

10. Electron Microscopes Shorten wavelength
Scanning Electron Microscope- SEM
3 Dimensional images

11. Transmission Electron Microscope
TEM
Better Resolution

13. Microscopes Word List Compound Staining Confocal Light Simple Scanning
Differential
Laser
Bright-Field
Gram Stain
Electron
Magnification
Phase
Resolution
Contrast
Transmission
Numerical
Dark-field
Aperture
Fluorescent
Oil
Interference
Immersion