1. CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genève 23 Switzerland www.cern.ch/it Visit of Professor Karel van der Toorn President University of Amsterdam Wednesday 10 th June 2009 The LHC Computing Grid Frédéric Hemmer IT Department Head

2. CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genève 23 Switzerland www.cern.ch/it 7000 tons, 150 million sensors generating data 40 millions times per second i.e. a petabyte/s The ATLAS experiment

3. 3 A collision at LHC

4. Ian.Bird@cern.ch 4 The Data Acquisition

5. Tier 0 at CERN: Acquisition, First pass processing Storage & Distribution Ian.Bird@cern.ch5 1.25 GB/sec (ions)

6. CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genève 23 Switzerland www.cern.ch/it 6 The LHC Data Challenge The accelerator take data in 2009 and run for 10-15 years Experiments will produce about 15 Million Gigabytes of data each year (about 20 million CDs!) LHC data analysis requires a computing power equivalent to ~100,000 of today's fastest PC processors Requires many cooperating computer centres, as CERN can only provide ~20% of the capacity The LHC Computing Grid, March 2009

7. CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genève 23 Switzerland www.cern.ch/it The LHC Computing Grid, March 2009 7 CPU DiskTape Computing Resources

8. CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genève 23 Switzerland www.cern.ch/it The LHC Computing Grid, March 2009 8 Solution: the Grid Use the Grid to unite computing resources of particle physics institutes around the world The World Wide Web provides seamless access to information that is stored in many millions of different geographical locations The Grid is an infrastructure that provides seamless access to computing power and data storage capacity distributed over the globe

9. CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genève 23 Switzerland www.cern.ch/it The LHC Computing Grid, March 2009 9 How does the Grid work? It makes multiple computer centres look like a single system to the end- user Advanced software, called middleware, automatically finds the data the scientist needs, and the computing power to analyse it. Middleware balances the load on different resources. It also handles security, accounting, monitoring and much more.

10. Tier 0 – Tier 1 – Tier 2 Ian.Bird@cern.ch10 Tier-0 (CERN): Data recording Initial data reconstruction Data distribution Tier-1 (11 centres): Permanent storage Re-processing Analysis Tier-2 (~130 centres): Simulation End-user analysis

11. The LHC Computing Grid, March 2009 LCG Service Hierarchy Tier-0: the accelerator centre Data acquisition & initial processing Long-term data curation Distribution of data  Tier-1 centres Canada – Triumf (Vancouver) France – IN2P3 (Lyon) Germany – Forschunszentrum Karlsruhe Italy – CNAF (Bologna) Netherlands – NIKHEF/SARA (Amsterdam) Nordic countries – distributed Tier-1 Spain – PIC (Barcelona) Taiwan – Academia SInica (Taipei) UK – CLRC (Oxford) US – FermiLab (Illinois) – Brookhaven (NY) Tier-1: “online” to the data acquisition process  high availability Managed Mass Storage –  grid-enabled data service Data-heavy analysis National, regional support Tier-2: ~140 centres in ~35 countries Simulation End-user analysis – batch and interactive

12. Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT Departme nt

13. The new European Network Backbone LCG working group with Tier-1s and national/ regional research network organisations New GÉANT 2 – research network backbone  Strong correlation with major European LHC centres Swiss PoP at CERN Frédéric Hemmer, CERN, IT Department

14. From APEL accounting portal for Aug.’08 to Jan.’09; #s in MSI2k AliceATLASCMSLHCbTotal Tier-1s6.2432.0330.732.5071.5034.3% Tier-2s9.6152.2355.0420.14137.0265.7% Total15.8584.2685.7722.64208.52 Main outstanding issues related to service/site reliability

15. Impact of the LHC Computing Grid in Europe LCG has been the driving force for the European multi-science Grid EGEE (Enabling Grids for E-sciencE) EGEE is now a global effort, and the largest Grid infrastructure worldwide Co-funded by the European Commission (Cost: ~130 M€ over 4 years, funded by EU ~70M€) EGEE already used for >100 applications, including… Medical Imaging Education, Training Bio-informatics

16. 240 sites 45 countries 45,000 CPUs 12 PetaBytes > 5000 users > 100 VOs > 100,000 jobs/day Archeology Astronomy Astrophysics Civil Protection Comp. Chemistry Earth Sciences Finance Fusion Geophysics High Energy Physics Life Sciences Multimedia Material Sciences … Grid infrastructure project co-funded by the European Commission - now in 3 rd phase with partners in 45 countries

17. Example: The Grid Attacks Avian Flu The LHC Computing Grid, March 2009 17 The Grid has been used to analyse 300,000 possible potential drug compounds against bird flu virus, H5N1. 2000 computers at 60 computer centres in Europe, Russia, Asia and Middle East ran during four weeks - the equivalent of 100 years on a single computer. BioSolveIt donated 6000 FlexX licenses.BioSolveIt Results –Avian flu: 20% of compounds better than Tamiflu –Malaria: 6/30 compounds similar or better than PepstatinA –Ongoing tests with compounds from later calculations. Neuraminidase, one of the two major surface proteins of influenza viruses, facilitating the release of virions from infected cells. Image Courtesy Ying-Ta Wu, AcademiaSinica.

18. Example: Geocluster industrial application The first industrial application (GeoCluster) successfully running on EGEE Developed by the Compagnie Générale de Géophysique (CGG) in France, doing geophysical simulations for oil, gas, mining and environmental industries EGEE technology helps CGG to federate its computing resources around the globe The LHC Computing Grid, March 2009

19. CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genève 23 Switzerland www.cern.ch/it For more information about the Grid: Thank you for your kind attention! www.cern.ch/lcgwww.eu-egee.org www.eu-egi.org/ www.gridcafe.org