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2. Domain - Archea Prokaryotes - “before nucleus” No organelles in their cell Live in extreme environments similar to those of the ancient Earth Hot springs Salt lakes Hydrothermic vents Glacier ice 2

3. Domain - Eukarya Eukaryotes - “good nucleus” Unicellular & multicellular Divided in 4 Kingdoms 3

4. Domain – Bacteria Next Lesson 4 Non-Living Virus Next Lesson

5. Kingdom - Animalia Grouped by skeletal system All multicellular Heterotrophic Vertebrates Have a backbone Ex. snake, elephant & bony fish 5 Invertebrates Do not have a backbone Ex. jelly fish, butterfly & worm Video animals

6. Kingdom - Plantae Grouped by tubes system for transporting water All multicellular Autotrophic Vascular Have a well-developed tube system Able to grow tall Ex. fern, cactus & elm tree 6 Non-vascular Lack well-developed tube system Grow low to the ground Ex. mosses & liverworts Video wilting

7. Kingdom - Plantae Vascular is broken into: Seedless Gymnosperms Angiosperms 7 Reproduce by spores Reproduce by seeds –no flowers or fruit Reproduce by flowers and seeds in fruit Video plant

8. Kingdom - Fungi To understand Fungi better! Hyphae Multicellular forms for time threadlike tubes Mycelium Entire mass of hyphae Feeding Ezymes released and break down surrounding particles, small particles are absorbed by hyphae Eat dead and/or live material Decomposers and/ or parasites 8 Video fungi

9. Kingdom - Fungi Grouped by appearance of their reproductive structure Most are multicellular Heterotrophic (plants that do not make their own food- no chlorophyll, no photosynthesis) Reproduce mainly by spores, called budding (asexual) but can also reproduce sexually when hyphae meet 3 main categories based on reproductive structure 9

10. Kingdom - Fungi 1) Sac Ex. Yeast, truffles 2) Club Ex. Mushrooms, toad stools, puffballs, bracket fungi 3) Zygote Ex. Molds (like our bread mold), ringworm, athlete’s foot, some are antibiotics (penicillium), cheese making! 10

11. Fungi and Bacteria- Symbiosis Lichens Both bacteria and fungi living mutually together 11

12. Kingdom - Protista Grouped by charactertistics they share with other kingdoms (often called the odds and ends kingdom) Most are unicellular (but some multicellular) Mainly heterotrophic (but some autotrophic) Reproduction is mainly binary fission Nuclues duplicates and cell pinches off into 2 daughter cells 3 Main categories 12

13. Kingdom - Protista Animal-like (protozoan) heterotrophic 4 categories 3 based on movement- ciliates, flagellates and sarcodines Examples: paramecium, giardia, and Amoeba 1 parasite (different methods of movements) Examples: plasmodium 13 Video

14. Kingdom - Protista Plant-like (algae) mainly autotrophic unicellular and multicellular 4 categories Algae example: red, green, brown Euglenoids (can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic) example: euglena diatoms (glass like cell walls) dinoflagellates (hard shell with 1 flagellate) 14

15. Kingdom - Protista Fungus-like Heterotrophic Unicellular sometimes becoming multicellular reproduce by spores (asexual) 2 categories Slime molds (move, jelly like) Water molds and Downy molds (wet moist environments, tiny threads) 15

16. Domain - Bacteria Most abundant organism on earth Prokaryotes- no nucleus genetic material not contained in a nucleus Few organelles in their cell Cytoplasm, cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, and flagellum Shapes Round- cocci Spiral – spirilla Rods- bacilli 16 Video- shape

17. Domain - Bacteria Reproduction – very quick under ideal conditions Asexually- single cell splitting: binary fission Sexual – 2 cells share genetic material: Conjugation treadlike bridge transfers some genetic material from one cell to another (then binary fission with different genetic material) Endospore formation – protective shell, dormant bacterium goes into a “hibernation” Movement – crawling, gliding, and using flagella Growth - as a colony, not an individual cell 17 Video- reproduction

18. Domain - Bacteria 4 main categories: Decomposers Aerobic Anaerobic Pathogens Autotrophic- sunlight and chemicals Photosynthesis (different chlorophyll than plants) Chemosynthesis (oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur) Heterotrophic -respiration- breaking down food to get energy Aerobic – with oxygen Anaerobic- without oxygen 18

19. Domain - Bacteria Can be helpful or Harmful Most helpful (cheese, yogurt, yeast, decomposing, clean up environment, digestive system) Some harmful: called pathogens (sickness, pneumonia, TB, strep throat) 19 Video white blood cells

20. Virus – Non living Virus- latin meaning “ Poison” No cell structure (cellular organization) No response to surroundings Don’t have growth or development Reproduction (only within a host cell) Chemicals of life Energy use (no respiration) Conclusion: Not living do not follow the 6 character tics of life and not classified the same way as living things (no binomial nomenclature!) 20 Video

21. Virus – Non living Very very small, much smaller than bacteria Affects all living things and can be transmitted Can be dormant for years and then activate Do not respond to antibotics Very few vaccines (viruses mutate quickly) Can attack specific cell types Cold: respiratory cells, polio- nerve cells Capsid- outer coat/shell made of protein (about 95% of the virus) Inner core contains genetic material Shapes: tube, robot, sphere, bullet, Ex. Smallpox, colds, influenza, yellow fever 21

22. Virus – Non living Reproduction Active Virus 1) Attaches to the surface 2) Inject genetic material 3) Genetic material takes over the cell’s interior 4) Proteins assemble to new viruses 5) Cell bursts and releases more viruses Hidden Virus 1) Attaches to the surface 2) Inject genetic material * genetic material becomes part of cell’s genetic material 3) After some time, genetic material takes over the cell’s interior 4) Proteins assemble to new viruses 5) Cell bursts and releases more viruses 22 Video virus reproduction

23. Bacteria versus Virus smaller than cells much smaller than bacteria living not living reproduces by itselfmust have host to reproduce (binary fission)(hi-jacking cell) organellessimple inner/outer active motion (flagella etc.) passive (contact) respiration (aerobic, anaerobic) no respiration responds to antibotics no cure Naming binomial nomenclature no naming system 23