1. CLASS 9

2. COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

3. COMPUTER METAPHOR Computer metaphor: thinking is simply the processing of information =

4. COGNITIVE REVOLUTION 1960-1975 Extended the rigor of learning approaches Maximizes the thinking aspect

5. What’s in the black box ?

6. Here’s what: A FLOW-CHART OF PROCESSES

7. IMPACT changed all branches of psychology Gave psychology two Nobel prize winners

8. Dan Kahneman Nobel Prize 2003 Psychology of attention Former UBC prof

9. Herbert Simon Nobel Prize 1978 Memory Psychology of economics

10. OTHER EXAMPLES of IMPACT Linguistics –Chomsky –hardwired system Animal research

11. Social psychology (social cognition) Q: What social information do we process? A: Salient information –loud, bright, moving, unusual Q: Who is prejudiced? A: Everyone –Automatic stereotyping, then controlled inhibition Hot vs. Cold cognition –Mostly cold -- one hot e.g. is cognitive dissonance

12. Artificial Intelligence (AI) A unique product of cognitive revolution No subjects; no experiments AI researchers simulate human thinking with machines They write computer programs Assumption: a perfect simulation should reveal nature of human thinking

13. Chess Playing Programs 1997 IBM’s Deep Blue beats Kasparov

14. General Knowledge programs 2010 IBM’s Watson wins Jeopardy Contest

15. But do computers really think? Yes, if they pass The Turing Test -Alan Turing (1950) Turing Tournaments: Home Page of the Loebner Prize A Turing Test for Computer Game Bots - Technology Review

16. ELIZA: computer therapist Simulates Rogerian therapy Reflects and encourages more talk The first ‘chatter-bot’

17. Let’s try the TURING TEST on ELIZA http://www.cyberpsych.org/eliza/www.cyberpsych.org/eliza

18. Better ones ? A.L.I.C.E., Mitzuku Reverse TURING: for example CAPTCHA

19. Critique of Artificial Intelligence Can computers ever simulate humans completely ? Cyborgs? If not, what’s missing ? Can we every program those features?

20. Be Very Afraid ? HAL-9000 Takes over the spaceship Space Odyssey: 2001

21. Should we be afraid? Deep Blue, Watson & HAL -be careful about what you program !