1. Federalists and Republicans (1787-1816) Chapter 6

2. Washington & Congress Section 1

3. Creating a New Government Goal: Take words of the Constitution & turn them into an effective government Washington needed support – created a cabinet : Department of State: Thomas Jefferson Department of the Treasury: Alexander Hamilton Department of War: General Henry Knox Office of the Attorney General: Edmund Randolph Washington appointed John Jay as the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

4. Bill of Rights Remember your rights as Americans guaranteed you in the Constitution? Congress agreed on 12 amendments, but only 10 were approved– known as the Bill of Rights Why were the Bill of Rights attached to the Constitution?

5. Financing the Government Bank of the U.S. – proposed by Alexander Hamilton Gov’t needed bank to manage debts & interest payments Paper currency: (1) promote trade, (2) encourage investment, (3) stimulate economic growth Problem: Congress does not have the enumerated power to create a bank… Washington was afraid of creating a precedence, or a firm tradition Hamilton argued the Necessary & Proper Clause (“Elastic Clause”) gave Congress the power—implied power

6. Whiskey Rebellion Congress passed a direct-tax on Whiskey In response, PA farmers defied the tax by: (1) terrorized tax collectors, (2) stopped court proceedings, (3) robbed the mail, (4) destroyed the whiskey stills of farmers who paid the taxes *First test of the National Gov’t under the new Constitution* Hamilton wanted to establish firm authority of the federal government; Washington sent 15,000 troops to put down the rebellion U.S. citizens were worried because the Feds used troops against its own people

7. Rise of Political Parties Congress was split into factions over Hamilton’s financial plan Hamilton’s supporters – Federalists Jefferson’s/Madison’s supporters: Republicans Page 214, Fill in the information in the “Competing National Visions” chart on your outline.

8. Comprehension Check 1. Explain why President Washington created the cabinet. 2. True or False: The Bill of Rights is the first 5 amendments of the Constitution. 3. Describe the importance of the “Necessary and Proper Clause” in the creation of the National Bank. 4. True or False: The Whiskey Rebellion challenged the power of that National Government. 5. True or False: Jefferson believed the national government should be very powerful.

9. Partisan Politics Section2

10. Washington Leaves Office Washington had grown tired of: (1) party politics, and (2) attacks on his character Washington set a precedence by only serving 2 terms Farewell Address : Warned Americans against sectionalism (N/S & E/W) Spoke against forming political parties Election of 1796 Federalists – *John Adams; Republicans – Thomas Jefferson Adams = President; Jefferson = Vice President

11. War Between the Parties Alien & Sedition Acts 1 st : Aliens had to wait 14 years before becoming a citizen 2 nd : Gave the President power to deport aliens 3 rd : Deporting aliens 4 th : Federal crime to print anything “False, scandalous, and malicious” against the government (denied citizens the right to criticize public officials) Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions: nullification-if government passed an unconstitutional law the states had the right to declare the law invalid State’s Rights

12. Election of 1800 Federalist: John Adams; Republican: Thomas Jefferson (Aaron Burr – VP) Revealed a flaw in the Electoral College & process of electing a Presiden t Controversy Burr & Jefferson tied; 26 ballots cast to select the pres.; Hamilton helped Jefferson to become pres. The world watched as the “democratic” experiment would work as power was peacefully transferred between political parties.

13. Comprehension Check 6-2 1. Name the two Presidential candidates in the election of 1796. 2. True or False: In Washington’s farewell address he encouraged the American people to ally themselves with European countries. 3. Who won the election of 1800? 4. True or False: A. Hamilton killed A. Burr in a duel. 5. True or False: Washington served 3 terms as President.

14. Jefferson in Office Section 3

15. Jefferson Takes Office Jefferson thought Adams & Washington acted too much like Royalty (had too much power) Jefferson will use his terms in office to limit the power of the central government by: Payoff federal debt Cut government spending Do away with whiskey tax

16. Rise of the Supreme Court J. Adams appoints 16 federal judges on the night before he leaves office, they become nicknamed the “Midnight Judges” Marbury vs. Madison (1803) John Marshall appointed as new Chief Justice: he served for 34 years & made the Supreme Court a powerful & independent branch of government Jefferson refused to deliver the appointment papers & hoped he could appoint Republican judges Marbury, one of the judges “appointed,” brought a court case CJ Marshall said: Court could not issue an order for Madison to deliver the documents Judicial Review: Supreme Court could review laws made by Congress to determine if they were constitution, or not

17. Western Expansion Louisiana Purchase France needed money to help fund Napoleon’s campaign to conquer Europe Jefferson was afraid with Napoleon’s ambitions, the US would have to ally with Great Britain France sold the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. for $11.25 million + French debts to American citizens worth $3.75 million = $15 million total cost Doubled the size of the US & gave the US control of the Mississippi River 820,000 square miles added to the U.S. territory

18. Lewis & Clark Corps of Discovery – led by Meriwether Lewis & William Clar k left from Independence, Missouri Mission: Explore the Louisiana Purchase territory & find the “treasures” of the land Sacagawea, Shoshone woman, who joined the Corps of Discovery as an interpreter & guide Lewis & Clark found a path through the Rocky Mountains & traced the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean The expedition educated people what the land was like in the west (wild life, Native American groups, etc.), and gave us claim to the Oregon territory

19. Comprehension Check 6-3 1. List of one of the three ways in which Jefferson limited the power of the government. 2. True or False: Jefferson appointed 16 federal judges the night before the left office. 3. Explain judicial review. 4. What was the court case that established judicial review? 5. Who led the Corps of Discovery through the Louisiana Territory?

20. War of 1812 Section 4

21. Rising International Tensions Neutrality ! Washington had encourage the US to be neutral – not side with one country or another in a conflict Impressment: legalized kidnapping of people & forcing them to serve in the military Leopard (British) vs. Chesapeake (American) – battle on the seas, Leopard opened fire Americans angry, Jefferson stops all trade with Europe Embargo – government ban on trade with specific countries Unpopular with Americans because it hurt farmers & businesses

22. Decision for War Bombing of Fort McHenry John Madison becomes the 4 th president & led the US into full scale war with Great Britain; declared war in June 1812 War Hawks: Henry Clay (KY), John C. Calhoun (SC), Felix Grundy (TN ) Tecumseh, Shawnee leader, allied with the British to get native land back from the U.S.

23. War Ends Britain’s war strategy: British navy attack American costal cities Cut New England off from the rest of the country Seize the port of New Orleans Raids on Washington, DC & Baltimore British burned the White House & the Capitol British stopped in Baltimore at Ft. McHenry Battle of Horseshoe Bend- General Andrew Jackson sent to protect the AL territory

24. War Ends Treaty of Ghent – signed December 24, 1814: Ends the War of 1812 No land is gained from War of 1812 & no decisive victory Positive Results of War of 1812: Increased U.S. prestige & power New spirit of patriotism National unity Battle of New Orleans – January 15, 1815 Jackson & his troops hid behind cotton bales & British easy targets Results of the Battle of New Orleans Andrew Jackson – National Hero Destroyed Federalist Party Nationalism, pride in one’s country

25. Comprehension Check 6-4 1. True or False: Impressment is when the British tried to make the US jealous with their navy. 2. Explain the term embargo. 3. Explain the term War Hawk. 4. True or False: The British burned the White House and Capitol. 5. True or False: The Treaty of Paris ended the War of 1812.