1. Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health July 21, 2015 Duff Gillespie Importance and impact of Family Planning

2. Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health Family Planning Allows individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their desired number of children and the spacing and timing of their births. It is achieved through use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of involuntary infertility. A woman’s ability to space and limit her pregnancies has a direct impact on her health and well-being as well as on the outcome of each pregnancy

3. Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health Benefits of Family Planning Preventing pregnancy-related health risks in women Reducing infant mortality Helping to prevent HIV/AIDS Reducing adolescent pregnancies Slowing population growth Empowering people and enhancing education

4. Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health How many children do couples want? States Wanted children Actual number of children Bihar2.44.0 Uttar Pradesh2.33.8 Andhra Pradesh1.51.8 Karnataka1.62.1 Kerala1.81.9 Tamil Nadu1.41.8

5. Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health Impact of family planning on child mortality StatesTFRCPR Unmet need Under 5 mortality Bihar4.034.122.884.8 Uttar Pradesh3.843.621.296.4 Andhra Pradesh1.867.64.063.2 Karnataka2.163.69.654.7 Kerala1.968.68.916.3 Tamil Nadu1.861.48.535.5

6. Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health Impact of family planning on maternal mortality TFRCPRUnmet need Maternal Mortality Bihar4.034.122.8219.0 Uttar Pradesh3.843.621.2292.0 Andhra Pradesh1.867.64.0110.0 Karnataka2.163.69.6144.0 Kerala1.968.68.966.0 Tamil Nadu1.861.48.590.0

7. Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health Impact of family planning on literacy TFRCPR Unmet needLiteracy rate Bihar4.034.122.863.8 Uttar Pradesh3.843.621.269.7 Andhra Pradesh1.867.64.067.7 Karnataka2.163.69.675.6 Kerala1.968.68.993.9 Tamil Nadu1.861.48.580.3

8. Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health Impact of family size on resources: Country overview Wealth QuintilesTFR Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49 years Lowest3.95.2 Second3.24.7 Middle2.64.2 Fourth2.23.7 Highest1.83.0

9. Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health

10. Impact of family size on resources: State-wise distribution Bihar Uttar Pradesh Andhra PradeshKarnatakaKerala Tamil Nadu TFR4.03.81.82.11.91.8 Lowest28.225.310.8 1.010.6 Second29.224.917.622.24.115.6 Middle18.719.429.224.012.229.9 Fourth14.616.825.423.237.824.4 Highest9.413.617.119.844.819.5

11. Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health

12. Dependency Ratio: India Dependency Ratio, India 199120012011 794752652

13. Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health Young Dependency Ratio: India Young Dependency Ratio, India 199120012011 672621510 Young Dependency Ratio = No. of persons in age group 0-14 years ÷ No. of persons in age group 15-59 years Reduction in YDR in 2001-11 is sharper than that for the decade 1991-2001

14. Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health Old Dependency Ratio: India Old Dependency Ratio, India 199120012011 122131142 Old Dependency Ratio = No. of persons in age group 60 years or more ÷ No. of persons in age group 15-59 years ODR is rising due to higher life expectancy at birth

15. Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health Dependency Ratio: State-wise distribution

16. Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health Thank you! Questions?