1. Human Anatomy and Physiology I Mr. Dawson

2.  1. Anatomy and Physiology  2. The Standard Anatomical Position

6.  1. Ventral vs Dorsal  2. Ventral  “viscera”  Thoracic ▪ Pleural and pericardial cavities  Abdominopelvic

7. Body Cavities

9.  1. Serous membrane or ‘Serosa’  Double membrane - fluid  2. Covers organs and cavity walls  Parietal vs visceral ▪ Parietal pericardium ▪ Visceral pleura ▪ Visceral peritoneum (covers abdominal organs)

10. Serous Membrane (Serosa)

11. Heart and Serous Membranes

12. Cavities in the Head

13.  I. Levels of Organization  II. Life Functions  III. Systems of the Body  IV. Survival Needs  V. Homeostasis

15.  1. Response to stimuli  2. Metabolism  Anabolic ▪ To build up – energy requiring  Catabolic ▪ To break down – energy releasing  3. Reproduction  Gametes – Sexual ▪ sperm and egg – haploid ▪ 1-celled zygote

16.  1. Nutrients  Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals  2. Oxygen  20% of ‘air’  Cellular respiration (glucose + oxygen)  3. Water  60-80% water  Cells mostly made of water  Hydrolysis reactions  4. Maintain ‘normal’ body temperature  37 C

17.  Organs work together to accomplish a common purpose  What should you know about each system?  1. Overall or general function  2. Examples of organs

22.  1. Maintain stable internal condition within the body  2. Dynamic  Conditions are maintained within ‘narrow’ limits  3. All organs are involved – work together or in opposition  4. Examples  Glucose levels  Blood Clotting  Gas levels (oxygen and carbon dioxide)  pH

24.  (1). Negative  (a). Inverse variable change- to the initial response  (b). Blood Glucose Control- Endocrine System  (c). Most common  (2). Positive  (a). Direct variable change- in the same direction as the original change  (b). Self-perpetuating events  (c). Blood Clotting; Labor and Contractions! (Oxytocin)

25. Negative Feedback System Pancreas (blood glucose regulation)

26.  1. Kidneys help to maintain proper water balance in the body.  2. Blood – low levels of water (hypertension)  ADH released from posterior pituitary gland  Causes reabsorption of water into the blood (from the kidney tubules)  3. If water volume is too high  ADH not released ---------  increased urination

28. Positive Feedback System

29.  Homeostatic mechanisms must cope or adapt to stress  Changes in the environment, introduction of pathogens, etc.  The failure of one system may affect another system adversely.  Effect of Disease (failure to maintain homeostasis)  1. pathogens 2. genetics 3. abnormal cell growth due to cancer  4. degenerative 5. trauma – environmental hazards  5. nutrition (Scurvy and vitamin C)