1. 1 The Impact of Knowledge Sharing Modes and Projects Complexity on Team Creativity in Taiwan ’ s Information Systems Development Team 1 Mei-Hsiang Wang Southern Taiwan University Chen-Fen Huang National United University Tarng-Yao Yang Southern Taiwan University

2. 2 Agenda 2  Research Motivation/Objectives  Theoretical Framework & Hypotheses  Research Method  Empirical Results  Analysis and Implications  Limitations and Future Research

3. 3 Research Motivation  Creativity is essential to Information systems development (ISD)  ISD is knowledge-intensive  Creative ISD task requires team members to share knowledge  The role project complexity plays in team functioning

4. 4 Research Objectives  Identifying knowledge sharing modes for ISD teams  Exploring the relationship between knowledge sharing modes and team creativity  Introducing the idea that ISDP complexity can serve as a potential link between knowledge sharing and team creativity

5. 5 Term Definition  Team creativity  ISD is an inherently creative process (Ocker et al., 1995- 1996)  project team’s processes are novel in the context of the project (Drazin et al.,1999)  team’s processes were creative (Tiwana & McLean, 2005)  team’s processes were creative in the context of the project

6. Term Definition  Knowledge sharing  as activities of transferring or disseminating knowledge from one person to another (Lee, 2001; Cheung et al., 2007; Matzler, 2008)  knowledge sharing: task-centric KS, structure-centric KS, human-centric KS structure-centric KS: team objective, procedures and specifications knowledge human-centric KS : the interpersonal interaction by informal social system task-centric KS: specific task domain knowledge

7. Term Definition  ISD project complexity  consisting of many varied organizational and technological elements that are interrelated and change over time (Xia & Lee, 2005) organizational environment: user information needs, business processes, organizational structures technological element: technology platform, software environment, data processing requirements and other integrated systems

8. 8 Theoretical Framework & Hypotheses task-centric KS ISDP Complexity structure-centric KS human-centric KS Team Creativity Knowledge Sharing H2 H6 H5 H4 H1 H3

9. 9 Theoretical Framework & Hypotheses  The relationships between knowledge sharing and team creativity  Creativity and knowledge are closely linked  knowledge sharing makes the ideas increasingly likely H1: Task-centric KS is positively related to team creativity H2: Structure-centric KS is positively related to team creativity H3: Human-centric KS is positively related to team creativity

10.  Moderator of ISDP complexity  H4: Task-centric KS is more positively related to team creativity when the project is high complexity than when the project is low complexity  H5: Structure-centric KS is more positively related to team creativity when the project is high complexity than when the project is low complexity  H6: Human-centric KS is more positively related to team creativity when the project is high complexity than when the project is low complexity Theoretical Framework & Hypotheses

11. 11 Research Method  Survey method: empirical test using questionnaires distributed in Taiwan  Sample frame: the lists of domestic software development industries in 104.com.tw website classifications in Taiwan  Data set: 52 ISD teams in 40 companies (109 team members) conducting software development activities  Development of measurements: from the previous literature on knowledge management and creativity theories

12. 12 Reliability and Validity  52 valid teams for the final analysis  Content validity: Established through the adopting of validated instruments by prior studies  Convergent validity: Evaluated by the item-to-total correlation  Discriminant validity: Checked by means of factor analysis  Reliability: Calculated using Cronbach’s alpha

13. 13 Reliability and Validity 13 Item Reliability Convergent Validity Discriminant Validity Task-centric KS I provide the ideas to help team members with work problems. When I ’ ve learned something new, I see to it that team members can learn it as well. I enjoy exchange task-related knowledge and experience to team members. I am pleased to tell team members what I know, when they ask me about it. I am pleased to demonstrate the way that is difficult to explain with team members. I would share the right method with team member, when they work in ineffective ways. I would tell team members the knowledge, when they are unfamiliar with the work method and process. 0.91 0.77 0.71 0.74 0.66 0.75 0.69 0.70 0.84 0.80 0.79 0.72 0.66 0.62 0.56 Structure-centric KS I am pleased to tell team members the norms, when they are unknown. I would communicate the subject with team members, when they don ’ t understand. I am pleased to tell team members the specification, when they are unknown. 0.88 0.78 0.75 0.76 0.87 0.84 0.79 Human-centric KS I would share with team members about the work condition. I discuss with team members about the treatment of something. I provide suggestions to team members, when they are in trouble. I remind team members, when their behaviors are far form perfect. 0.84 0.72 0.69 0.63 0.62 0.86 0.84 0.77 0.76

14. 14 Hypothesis Testing  Hierarchical Regression Model was used  Followed the GLM procedures in SPSS  The effects of the moderating variable on the base relationships were assessed

15. Hypothesis Testing Team creativity VariableModel 1Model 2Model 3 Task-centric KS -0.370***-0.362***-1.306** Structure-centric KS 0.383***0.470***1.945*** Human-centric KS 0.243**0.1230.991* ISDP Complexity 0.487***1.783*** Task-centric* ISDP Complexity 1.371 Structure-centric* ISDP Complexity 2.018*** Human-centric* ISDP Complexity 1.266* R2R2 0.1430.3630.426 △R2△R2 0.2200.063 △F△F 35.837***3.692**

16. 16 Interaction Plots – ISDP Complexity (a)Moderating effect of structure-centric KS (b) Moderating effect of human-centric KS  The increase in the team creativity associated with increases in (a) structure-centric KS and (b) human-centric KS is greater when there is a high level of ISDP complexity, which supports Hypotheses 5 and 6.

17. 17 Empirical Results HypothesisResult H1 Task-centric KS mode is positively related to team creativity. not Supported H2 Structure-centric KS mode is positively related to team creativity. Supported H3 Human-centric KS mode is positively related to team creativity. Supported H4 Task-centric KS mode is more positively related to team creativity when the project is high complexity than when the project is low complexity. not Supported H5 Structure-centric KS mode is more positively related to team creativity when the project is high complexity than when the project is low complexity. Supported H6 Human-centric KS mode is more positively related to team creativity when the project is high complexity than when the project is low complexity. Supported

18. 18 Discussion and Conclusion Theoretical implications:  Develop an extended framework in the team context of knowledge sharing and team creativity  Highlight the importance of sharing structure/human -centric knowledge with team creativity  Confirm the moderating effects of ISDP complexity between KS and team creativity Practical implications:  Establishment of proactive structure/human -centric KS  Construction of multiple ISD environment

19. 19 Limitations and Future Research Limitations:  Self-reporting : possibility of common source bias  Limitation of generalizability Future research:  Multiple informants  Replicate the studies in different team settings

20. 20 Thank you! Any Questions & Comments? E-mail address: shiang@mail.stut.edu.tw