1. CANADA--NORTHERN NEIGHBOR QUICK FACTS 1.OCCUPIES MOST OF NORTHERN NORTH AMERICA 2.EXTENDS TO 3 OCEANS, THE ATLANTIC OCEAN IN THE EAST, THE PACIFIC OCEAN IN THE WEST, AND THE ARCTIC OCEAN IN THE NORTH 3.WORLD’S SECOND LARGEST COUNTRY BY AREA 4.CAPITAL OF ALL OF CANADA IS OTTAWA.

2. CANADA’S PROVINCES AND TERRITORIES Alberta(Edmonton)Alberta British Columbia(Victoria)British Columbia Manitoba(Winnipeg)Manitoba New Brunswick(Fredericton)New Brunswick Newfoundland and Labrador(St. John's)Newfoundland and Labrador Nova Scotia(Halifax)Nova Scotia Ontario(Toronto)Ontario Prince Edward Island(Charlottetown)Prince Edward Island Quebec(Quebec City)Quebec Saskatchewan(Regina)Saskatchewan Northwest Territories(Yellowknife)Northwest Territories Yukon Territory(Whitehorse)Yukon Nunavut Territory(Iqaluit)Nunavut

3. POLITICAL DIVISIONS OF CANADA CANADA IS DIVIDED INTO 10 PROVINCES AND 3 TERRITORIES. THESE AREAS ARE DIVIDED INTO 5 REGIONS BASED ON: –PHYSICAL FEATURES –CULTURE –ECONOMY

4. THE CANADIAN MAP.

5. CANADIAN PROVINCES-- ATLANTIC PROVINCES NEW BRUNSWICK--FREDERICTON NOVA SCOTIA--HALIFAX PRINCE EDWARDS ISLAND-- CHARLOTTESTOWN NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR-- ST. JOHN’S

6. NEWFOUNDLAND

7. ATLANTIC PROVINCES LANDFORMS –BORDER ON THE ATLANTIC OCEAN –APPALACHIAN MTS RUN THRU THIS REGION –THICK DECIDUOUS FORESTS –THOUSANDS OF LAKES AND SMALL PONDS –5% 0F CANADIAN LAND AND 8% OF PEOPLE

8. ATLANTIC PROVINCES MARITIME PROVINCES--RELATED TO THE SEA ECONOMICS OF THE REGION –FISHING OFF THE GRAND BANKS OVERFISHING--DEPLETED COD POPULATION –FORESTRY –FARMING(Fruit, vegetables, dairy) CLIMATE –MILDER CLIMATE

9. CANADIAN PROVINCES-- GREAT LAKES-ST. LAWRENCE PROVINCE ONTARIO--TORONTO QUEBEC--QUEBEC CENTER OF CANADA’S ECONOMIC ACTIVITY LARGEST AMOUNT OF POPULATION LIVE HERE- -60% OF ALL OF CANADA’S POP. DIVIDED INTO 3 REGIONS: –CANADIAN SHIELD-NORTH-POOR SOILS BUT RICH IN MINERALS--COLD CLIMATE--TUNDRA REGION –HUDSON BAY LOWLANDS--FLAT SWAMPY REGION BETWEEN HUDSON BAY AND CANADIAN SHIELD. –ST. LAWRENCE LOWLANDS--RICH SOIL AND A MILD CLIMATE--GOOD GROWING SEASONS

10. ONTARIO SEAWAYS & CANALS CONNECT GREAT LAKES TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. –CREATES HYDROELECTRIC PLANTS RICH SOILS AND ABUNDANT MINERALS –FARMING AND MINING INDUSTRIAL REGION –CARS, FOOD PRODUCTS, CLOTHING, BUILDING MATERIALS TORONTO-BANKING / FINANCE CENTER –LIKE NEW YORK IS TO THE U.S.

11. ONTARIO

12. QUEBEC LARGEST PROVINCE BY AREA MOST OF POPULATION LIVES SOUTH OF CANADIAN SHIELD CONTINENTAL CLIMATE IN THE SOUTH PEOPLE IN QUEBEC ARE “SEPARTISTS” –PEOPLE WHO ARE OF FRENCH HERITAGE –WANT TO CREATE THEIR OWN COUNTRY. FARMING DONE IN ST. LAWRENCE VALLEY. MINING AND FORESTRY ALSO ECONOMIC ACTIVITY LARGEST CITY IS MONTREAL QUEBEC CITY--OLDEST CITY IN CANADA

13. QUEBEC

14. TOURISM IN CANADA

15. CANADIAN PROVINCES-- THE PRAIRIE PROVINCE ALBERTA--EDMONTON SASKATCHEWAN--REGINA MANITOBA--WINNEPEG

16. THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES BETWEEN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS AND THE CANADIAN SHIELD. LONG FLAT LANDS. WITH 50% OF POPULATION LIVING IN CITIES. PROVIDES MOST OF CANADA’S GRAIN AND CATTLE. OIL AND NATURAL GAS FOUND IN ALBERTA CONTINENTAL CLIMATE

17. THE CANADIAN SHIELD The Canadian Shield is a large geographic area in eastern and central Canada composed of bare rock. The shield is mostly thin soil lying on top of bedrock, with many bare outcrops and thousands of lakes. This was caused during the last ice age, when glaciers covered the area and scraped the rock clean as they moved

18. CANADIAN PROVINCES BRITISH COLUMBIA--VICTORIA CANADA’S WESTERN PROVINCE STANDS ALONE MOSTLY COVERED WITH MOUNTAINS FROM THE ROCKIES. 80% OF POPULATION LIVE IN VANCOUVER OR VICTORIA VANCOUVER--PROVINCES LARGEST CITY!

19. BRITISH COLUMBIA ECONOMY BASED ON FORESTRY (LUMBER), SALMON, AND MINERALS. The climate of British Columbia varies from marine to continental. Winter snowfall in the BC Rockies averages between 171 cm (67 inches) in the south and 206 cm (81 inches) in the north.

20. THE NORTHERN TERRITORIES THE NORTHERN 40% OF CANADA YUKON TERRITORY--WHITEHORSE NORTHWEST TERRITORY- YELLOWKNIFE NUNAVUT-IQALUIT

21. WEALTH OF NORTHERN TERRITORIES GREAT AMOUNTS OF MINERALS –GOLD, SILVER, COPPER, ZINC, LEAD, IRON, URANIUM. –COLD WEATHER MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO MINE. VAST AMOUNTS OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS. –ESTABLISHED PIPELINES TO TRANSFER OIL PRODUCTS AND GAS PRODUCTS TO PROCESSING PLANTS.

22. LAND & CULTURE OF NORTHERN TERRITORIES COLD, MOSTLY TREELESS TUNDRAS FEW INHABITANTS (1% OF TOTAL POPULATION OF CANADA PEOPLE ARE CALLED INUIT (NOT ESKIMOS!) PEOPLE ARE HUNTERS--SELF SUFFICIENT

23. INUIT TRIBES

24. CHAP. 8 SECTION 2 THE HISTORY OF CANADA –SETTLED BY NATIVE AMERICANS AND THE “INUIT” HUNTERS AND GATHERS ALONG THE PACIFIC COAST SETTLED BY THE FRENCH AND BRITISH IN THE EAST IN THE 1600’S. –FOUGHT FOR CONTROL IN 4 WARS 1689-1763 –BRITISH WIN BATTLE OF QUEBEC IN 1763, GAIN CONTROL OF ALL OF CANADA DOMINION OF CANADA CREATED IN 1867 INDEPENDENT NATION IN 1931

25. CULTURAL CONFLICT IN CANADA 25% OF CANADA’S POPULATION IS FRENCH SPEAKING, MOST LIVE IN QUEBEC. MANY OF THE FRENCH SPEAKING PEOPLE, CALLED THE QUEBECOIS, ARE SEPARTISTS. –WANT TO “SEPARATE OR SECEDE” AND FORM THEIR OWN COUNTRY INUIT LIVE IN NORTHERN TERRITORIES. 555,000 NATIVE AMERICAN CANADIANS LIVE ON RESERVES. HIGHEST IMMIGRATION RATE IS FROM ASIA

26. SECTION 3--CANADA TODAY