1. 1 Demand Response: An international perspective March 3, 2008 California Energy Commission Richard Schomberg VP research EDF North America Gridwise Arch. Council Member IEC Chair: System Aspects for Energy

2. 2 30 years of Load Control at 3 levels in France : 10% peak reduction Priority 2 Amp MAX Every night, 10 million water heaters store the electricity generated by 20 nuclear reactors 1 3

3. 3 Implementation of Demand response for load shaping achievement enabled by - Meters - Infrastructure to support tariff signals - 10 million customers subscribing to a non-flat rate

4. 4 32 Million residential customers / 4 rates 1 Flat rate: 20 million customers 2 Peak hours:10 million customers, Load control of water heaters 3 Tempo tariff: 0.5M customers 6 tiers, day ahead alert 4 Critical peak pricing: 1M customers, 22 peak days, day ahead Flat rate

5. 5 “Tempo” tariff (1993): all winners-no losers 400.000 customers 90% satisfaction Price advisory service Start up service and coaching Thoughtful commercial follow up Even better with Energy Management System 300 days 43 days 22 D days

6. 6 Home automation and energy efficiency

7. 7 Some conclusions Load management becomes of international interest, with different situations, but the same technology solutions might apply. The business cases appear to be the real challenge, and very specific to a country or a region. Trials and return of experience show consumer acceptance and even a need that the appliances themselves take care automatically of “market transactions”. Home automation solutions are quite developed in Europe embedding some form of demand response. The technologies are available….and in fact rather too many ! Interoperability of technical solutions through open standards is a key to succeed collectively

8. 8 BACKUP Slides