1. Introduction to Beef

2. Unit Map: Follow Along in your packet WHAT ARE YOU LEARNING? ID breeds of economically important animals Husbandry and Mangement practices for Industrial animals

3. Know Understand Do! Know Beef Types Basic Anatomy Management Practices Understand Beef desired Characteristics Internal and External Anatomy Industry Steps Do ID Breeds Outline beef cattle production Outline Industry model

4. Key Learning: Beef Production Unit EQ: What are industrial animals and how do they help us? Unit EQ: What are industrial animals and how do they help us? Concept : Management and Industry Lesson EQ: How is the industry set up? Vocab Branding, Cow/Calf Concept : Anatomy Lesson EQ: How do we choose beef? Vocab Daily Gain, Marbling Concept Breeds and Types Lesson EQ: What are characteristics of beef breeds? Vocab Mothering Ability, Feed Efficiency

5. Youtube; Beef Commercial

6. Essential Question What is a breed? What is a breed?

7. What is a breed?

8. Important Terms to Know A Mature Male is called a: A Mature Male is called a: Bull Bull A Mature Female is called a: A Mature Female is called a: Cow Cow The act of Giving Birth is called: The act of Giving Birth is called: Calving Calving Gestation = Gestation = 283 days 283 days A Castrated Male is called a: A Castrated Male is called a: Steer Steer An Immature Female is called a: An Immature Female is called a: Heifer Heifer

9. Group Discussion Discuss in your small group and write down what you think a trait is. What traits do you think are important in identifying cattle breeds? Discuss in your small group and write down what you think a trait is. What traits do you think are important in identifying cattle breeds?

10. What is the actual definition? After your in-depth discussion on traits, compare your ideas with the actual definition: A Trait is: a distinguishing characteristic within a specific breed of cattle After your in-depth discussion on traits, compare your ideas with the actual definition: A Trait is: a distinguishing characteristic within a specific breed of cattle

11. Classification and Identification of Beef Cattle Breeds

12. OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES To be able to Classify Beef Cattle Breeds into Bos Taurus or Bos Indicus. To be able to Classify Beef Cattle Breeds into Bos Taurus or Bos Indicus. To be able to Classify Beef Cattle Breeds into British, European. To be able to Classify Beef Cattle Breeds into British, European. To be able to Determine or Give the Make up of Certain Composite Breeds. To be able to Determine or Give the Make up of Certain Composite Breeds. To Give the Attributes of Specific Breeds. To Give the Attributes of Specific Breeds.

13. Classification Why do we Need It We classify everything. Example Automobiles We classify everything. Example Automobiles We Break them down into Cars and Trucks, How can we break them down even further. We Break them down into Cars and Trucks, How can we break them down even further.

14. Classification Of Automobiles

15. CLASSIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE

16. PUREBRED Recognized family line of an animal Recognized family line of an animal Unmixed Unmixed Parents are standards of the breed Parents are standards of the breed Eligible for registration in a breed association Eligible for registration in a breed association

17. CROSSBREEDING Definition: Mating of 2 purebred animals to form a cross. Crossbreeding is used to emphasize, extract, and design desired traits or characteristics that are reflected in the offspring. Definition: Mating of 2 purebred animals to form a cross. Crossbreeding is used to emphasize, extract, and design desired traits or characteristics that are reflected in the offspring. The offspring of crossbreeding, is known as a crossbred. The offspring of crossbreeding, is known as a crossbred.

18. Popular BRITISH BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE Popular BRITISH BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE Hereford Hereford Black Black Angus Shorthorn Shorthorn

19. Popular EUROPEAN BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE Simmental Simmental Charolais Charolais

20. Popular ZEBU BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE Popular ZEBU BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE Grey Grey Brahman

21. BOS TAURUS BEEF BREEDS BOS TAURUS BEEF BREEDS BRITISH / EUROPEAN

22. Hereford Originated in England Red with white points Horned usually Known for pink eye Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

23. Black Angus Native to Angus (near Scotland) Most popular beef breed in the US Always black in color Can produce Red Angus Known for Marbling Ability Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

24. Shorthorn Originated in England White to red in color Roane Color, very popular for show heifers. Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

25. Simmental First recorded in Switzerland Large body mass Light red to dark red with white points Known for Maternal Characteristics Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

27. BOS INDICUS BEEF BREEDS BOS INDICUS BEEF BREEDS ZEBU

28. Brahman Developed in the United States Breeds from India used Light gray or red to black Known for Mothering Ability Bos Indicus Classification

29. Africander Native to South Africa Native to South Africa Usually red Usually red Long horns Long horns

30. Composite/Cross Breeds: Increase Hybrid vigor Brangus Brangus Angus + Brahman Angus + Brahman Beefmaker Beefmaker Hereford + Simmental Hereford + Simmental Black Baldie Black Baldie Hereford + Angus Hereford + Angus Braford Braford Brahman + Hereford Brahman + Hereford

31. Activity Design your own breed! Design your own breed! Complete your worksheet with designing your own beef cattle breed Complete your worksheet with designing your own beef cattle breed Complete Beef Crossword Puzzle when finished Complete Beef Crossword Puzzle when finished

32. Beef Crossword

33. Review Of Beef Cattle Classification Cattle are Classified into Two Groups Cattle are Classified into Two Groups The Bos Taurus Classification includes what two Groups? The Bos Taurus Classification includes what two Groups? What are some Breeds Attributes? What are some Breeds Attributes?

34. Beef Anatomy

35. Warm Up A cows horns are called : A cows horns are called : A Cow, A Chicken, A Horse and A Dog all have THIS anatomical part in common. What is it? A Cow, A Chicken, A Horse and A Dog all have THIS anatomical part in common. What is it?

36. Objectives Review basic cattle anatomy both gross and digestive Review basic cattle anatomy both gross and digestive Identify location of cuts of meat on a beef animal Identify location of cuts of meat on a beef animal

37. Essential Question Name 4 different cuts of meat you can find in the grocery store. Name 4 different cuts of meat you can find in the grocery store.

38. Review: Remember Dairy Anatomy?

39. Rumen Largest of 4 compartments Largest of 4 compartments Its Job :FERMENTATION Its Job :FERMENTATION Continuous mixing and moving Continuous mixing and moving Anaerobic environment/Diverse bacterial pop. Anaerobic environment/Diverse bacterial pop. Breaks down fibrous feed in volatile fatty acids Breaks down fibrous feed in volatile fatty acids Papillae lining Papillae lining Nonfunctional at birth, shunted off Nonfunctional at birth, shunted off

40. Reticulum Feed boluses come from here Feed boluses come from here Honeycomb appearance Honeycomb appearance Its Job : REGURGITATION Its Job : REGURGITATION Regurgitation from rumen to mouth Regurgitation from rumen to mouth Expulsion to omasum Expulsion to omasum Fermentation gases Fermentation gases

41. . Omasum Many folds Many folds Its Job: REDUCE Its Job: REDUCE Reduces particle size Reduces particle size Absorb some water, minerals Absorb some water, minerals Why would you reduce particle size?

42. . Abomasum “True Stomach” “True Stomach” Glandular, meaning it secretes Glandular, meaning it secretes Does your stomach excrete anything? Why ? Does your stomach excrete anything? Why ? Its Job: DIGESTION Its Job: DIGESTION Begin digestion here Begin digestion here Feed leaves abomasum and enters the small intestine where further digestion takes place Feed leaves abomasum and enters the small intestine where further digestion takes place Feed leaving abomasum is high in water content Feed leaving abomasum is high in water content Why do you think this happens? Why do you think this happens?

43. How does this all work? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU4U baQMNig http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU4U baQMNig http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU4U baQMNig http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU4U baQMNig

44. Beef Meat The meat from mature bovines that are generally over 12 months of age The meat from mature bovines that are generally over 12 months of age Remember that Bovine = Cow!! Remember that Bovine = Cow!!

45. Cuts of Meat

46. In Your Freezer Brisket Chuck Sirloin Joint Ribs

47. Food Safety in the Beef Industry FDA: Monitors use of animal drugs by the livestock industry FDA: Monitors use of animal drugs by the livestock industry FSIS: Inspects livestock and carcasses for meat safety FSIS: Inspects livestock and carcasses for meat safety

48. Beef Meat Project You will be assigned a cut of beef. You will be assigned a cut of beef. ON ONE PIECE OF PAPER (typed) ON ONE PIECE OF PAPER (typed) Part one photos: Part one photos: One photo of your UNCOOKED cut of beef One photo of your UNCOOKED cut of beef One photo of your completed recipe One photo of your completed recipe (EXTRA CREDIT) one photo of you cooking your recipe (EXTRA CREDIT) one photo of you cooking your recipe Part Two: Recipe Part Two: Recipe Find a recipe on the internet that uses the cut of meat you were assigned. Include all directions and ingredients Find a recipe on the internet that uses the cut of meat you were assigned. Include all directions and ingredients Part Three: Food Safety Part Three: Food Safety How hot must you cook the meat? How long must you cook the meat? Why this hot, and this long? What are food safety concerns when handling raw beef meat? How hot must you cook the meat? How long must you cook the meat? Why this hot, and this long? What are food safety concerns when handling raw beef meat?

49. Vocabulary Sheet Put your name and the date on the top. Define the following words: Brisket, Tenderloin, Chuck

50. Beef Industry

51. Objectives Identify levels of beef industry and their purpose Identify levels of beef industry and their purpose Produce the correct chain of events beef cattle follow from farm to factory. Produce the correct chain of events beef cattle follow from farm to factory.

52. Essential Question What is the end goal when feeding and caring for cattle? What is the end goal when feeding and caring for cattle? How to farmers achieve this goal? How to farmers achieve this goal?

53. Cuts of Meat Review

54. The Beef Industry The average size beef herd is around 100 head.

55. The beef industry In the US there are over forty different breeds as well as many crosses of these breeds. In the US there are over forty different breeds as well as many crosses of these breeds.

56. 4 Major Segments: purebred operations purebred operations cow-calf operations cow-calf operations stocker operations stocker operations feedlot operations feedlot operations

57. Purebred operations Purpose is to produce seed stock cattle. Purpose is to produce seed stock cattle.

58. Cow-Calf operations: Most calves produced are crossbreeds from purebred parents of different breeds. Most calves produced are crossbreeds from purebred parents of different breeds.

59. Stocker operations: Provide a step between the weaning of calves and slaughter. Provide a step between the weaning of calves and slaughter.

60. Feed them right Grass fed vs. grain fed vs. a mixed ration Feedstuffs are items that when mixed together can provide a Total Mixed Raton Some feedstuffs include Bone and Meat Meal Feather Meal Molasses Cottonseed Corn Soybean meal Distiller’s Grain MUCH MORE Why you feed your animals a mix of different things?

61. Feedlot operations: Final phase before the animals are sent to slaughter. Final phase before the animals are sent to slaughter.

62. Watch them grow Average daily gain: Pounds of weight gained per day Average daily gain: Pounds of weight gained per day

63. What does it look like? It is March 1 st. Your beef cow’s ADG is 5 pounds per day. On April 1 st, how much will your cow weigh? It is March 1 st. Your beef cow’s ADG is 5 pounds per day. On April 1 st, how much will your cow weigh? In 30 days your beef cow is going to market and needs to weigh 1300 pounds. It currently weighs 1000 pounds. What does your ADG need to be for your cow to be ready for market in 30 days?? In 30 days your beef cow is going to market and needs to weigh 1300 pounds. It currently weighs 1000 pounds. What does your ADG need to be for your cow to be ready for market in 30 days??

64. Feedlot operation

65. Problems? What problems could occur with so many animals in one place? What problems could occur with so many animals in one place?

66. Management Practices Ear Tagging Ear Tagging Branding Branding Tattooing Tattooing Registration Registration

70. Vocabulary REVIEW Cow-Calf Production: own cows, sell weaner calves Cow-Calf Production: own cows, sell weaner calves Stocker: buy weaner calves, sell yearlings Stocker: buy weaner calves, sell yearlings Feedlot Finishing: buy calves, fatten, sell to slaughter house Feedlot Finishing: buy calves, fatten, sell to slaughter house

71. Hobby farms Farm is not the main source of income ($) for the owner. Farm is not the main source of income ($) for the owner. Most Delaware Cattle farms are hobby farms Most Delaware Cattle farms are hobby farms

72. Writing Prompt Write a 1 page paper on the following: Write a 1 page paper on the following: You are a beef cattle producer. Explain the process your cow will follow from farm to factory. Be sure to include what steps you will take to make sure you get the most money for your beef cows. You are a beef cattle producer. Explain the process your cow will follow from farm to factory. Be sure to include what steps you will take to make sure you get the most money for your beef cows. You should include topics like: breed you have chosen and why, what stages your animal travels through, nutrition information, how you market/ package You should include topics like: breed you have chosen and why, what stages your animal travels through, nutrition information, how you market/ package Use correct vocabulary ! Use correct vocabulary !

73. Important to know! Beef cattle reproduce through: Artificial Insemination Beef cattle reproduce through: Artificial Insemination Beef are Flight Animals Beef are Flight Animals We use their Flight Zone to move them We use their Flight Zone to move them Hormones are injected and monitored by the : FDA Hormones are injected and monitored by the : FDA

74. Vocabulary Sheet Herd Herd Branding Branding Registration Registration Average Daily Gain Average Daily Gain Feedlot Feedlot BSE BSE Finishing Finishing Cow/Calf Operation Cow/Calf Operation Hobby Farm Hobby Farm

75. Test Review Vocab: Herd, Branding, Registration, Average Daily Gain, Feedlot, Cow/Calf Operation, Crossbreeding, Grass Fed, Grain Fed, TMR Vocab: Herd, Branding, Registration, Average Daily Gain, Feedlot, Cow/Calf Operation, Crossbreeding, Grass Fed, Grain Fed, TMR 1. What are the parts of the beef digestion tract? 1. What are the parts of the beef digestion tract? 2. What are the major cuts of Beef? 2. What are the major cuts of Beef? 3. What is the purpose of a feedlot? 3. What is the purpose of a feedlot? 4. What are the 4 major management practices in Beef cattle? 4. What are the 4 major management practices in Beef cattle? 5. What types of feed do beef cattle receive and why? 5. What types of feed do beef cattle receive and why? 6. What categories are beef breeds put into? What are common characteristics that we look for in these breeds? 6. What categories are beef breeds put into? What are common characteristics that we look for in these breeds?