1. Beef Cattle and Industry

2. I CAN ….. I CAN ….. - Identify the main beef breeds - Explain how important the industry is and how it works. - Describe the characteristics of each breed - List the leading states and countries in the beef industry.

3. Figure 16–4: Historic cattle inventory in the United States. (Source: USDA.)

4. 1 2 3 1 2 3 36

5. Historical Evolution “Breeds Revolution” – period of great expansion in numbers of breeds of beef cattle. “Breeds Revolution” – period of great expansion in numbers of breeds of beef cattle. Demand for grain-fed beef Demand for grain-fed beef Meat from cattle which have undergone a significant grain feeding. Meat from cattle which have undergone a significant grain feeding. Increase Carcass weight Increase Carcass weight

7. Role of Beef Cattle Beef industry – single largest money making- generating commodity in all of agriculture. Beef industry – single largest money making- generating commodity in all of agriculture. Beef accounts for 40-45% of cash receipts from animal agriculture. Beef accounts for 40-45% of cash receipts from animal agriculture. $35 billion $35 billion

8. Beef Cattle Breeds Breed – animals of common origin with characteristics that distinguish them from other group of same species Breed – animals of common origin with characteristics that distinguish them from other group of same species - > 300 world-wide See web site: http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/index.htmhttp://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/index.htm

9. Beef Cattle Breeds Purebred – Purebred – purity of ancestry; pedigrees recorded in their breed registry purity of ancestry; pedigrees recorded in their breed registry Commercial – Commercial – livestock not registered or pedigreed; crossbred livestock not registered or pedigreed; crossbred Most US cattle are commercial/crossbred

10. Beef Cattle Breeds (identify & know purpose) 3 general categories: 1. B ritish breeds (Bos taurus)– Angus, Hereford, Shorthorn maternal – fertility, longevity, milk production earlier maturity (puberty); less muscular 2. E xotic or Continental breeds (Bos taurus) – Simmental, Limousin, Charolais, etc. Paternal (terminal) - growth rate, muscular, lean; large mature size Dual – purpose (maternal and paternal traits)

11. Beef Cattle Breeds (identify & know purpose) 3. Brahman (Bos indicus) – Zebu is main strain greatest genetic influence world-wide greatest genetic influence world-wide heat and insect tolerant; adaptable to warm environments heat and insect tolerant; adaptable to warm environments later puberty, low growth rate, less muscling later puberty, low growth rate, less muscling

12. Important Terms Polled – Polled – the animal has no horns. When the animal starts to grow them the farmer will dehorn them. the animal has no horns. When the animal starts to grow them the farmer will dehorn them. Marbling – Marbling – the intermix of fat and muscle together the intermix of fat and muscle together Terminal Sire – Terminal Sire – A paternal-breed sire used in a terminal sire crossbreeding system. A paternal-breed sire used in a terminal sire crossbreeding system.

13. Angus British breed British breed 1 st in US registrations 1 st in US registrations black & polled black & polled moderate size moderate size MARBLING MARBLING Hereford x Angus = Hereford x Angus = black baldy (white face) - good mothers Red Angus – 5 th Red Angus – 5 th

14. Hereford British breed British breed red body & white face; polled & horned red body & white face; polled & horned 2 nd in registrations 2 nd in registrations moderate size moderate size major breed influence in commercial cows (esp. western range) major breed influence in commercial cows (esp. western range) cancer eye cancer eye

15. Simmental Continental (Europe) Continental (Europe) Switzerland Switzerland red, yellow, black/white red, yellow, black/white dual-purpose dual-purpose growth, carcass growth, carcass milk production milk production large mature size large mature size Dual purpose – 6 th most popular Dual purpose – 6 th most popular Others – Gelbvieh (8 th ) Others – Gelbvieh (8 th )

16. Limousin Continental Continental France France red, gold, black red, gold, black lean, muscular lean, muscular excel in yield grades excel in yield grades terminal sire terminal sire 3 rd most popular 3 rd most popular

17. Shorthorn British British Prominent US breed in 1800s, early 1900s Prominent US breed in 1800s, early 1900s red, white, roan red, white, roan horned/polled horned/polled excellent milk production excellent milk production 10 th most popular today 10 th most popular today

18. Charolais Continental Continental France France white with pink nose white with pink nose large size large size lean & muscular lean & muscular terminal sire terminal sire 4 th most popular 4 th most popular Others=Chianina Others=Chianina

19. Brahman Bos indicus Bos indicus hump; loose hide; long ears hump; loose hide; long ears heat/insect tolerant heat/insect tolerant southern US – 11 th popular southern US – 11 th popular late maturity, less muscling late maturity, less muscling tenderness problems tenderness problems Beefmaster is most common breed = 7 th most popular Beefmaster is most common breed = 7 th most popular Developed in USA, combination of Brahman, Hereford and Shorthorn Developed in USA, combination of Brahman, Hereford and Shorthorn Others are Brangus – 9th Others are Brangus – 9th Simbrah, Santa Gertrudis Simbrah, Santa Gertrudis Braford, Charbray, etc.. Braford, Charbray, etc..

20. Beef Products Primary Product of Beef Production Primary Product of Beef Production Finished or Fat Cattle Finished or Fat Cattle Fed to desired fatness endpoint Fed to desired fatness endpoint.2 to 1 inch of backfat.2 to 1 inch of backfat Intramuscular fat or marbling – Quality Grade Intramuscular fat or marbling – Quality Grade Prime, choice, select, standard = eating quality Prime, choice, select, standard = eating quality Utility = Dog food Utility = Dog food “corn – fed” 60 – 300 days – white fat “corn – fed” 60 – 300 days – white fat 1-2.5 years of age at harvest 1-2.5 years of age at harvest Maximum quality at high yield of meat Maximum quality at high yield of meat Yield Grade = scale of 1-5, 1 is highest % lean Yield Grade = scale of 1-5, 1 is highest % lean Steers or heifers not used for breeding Steers or heifers not used for breeding

21. Top States: Beef cows & feedlot Beef cow inventory Beef cow inventory 1. Texas5.53 mil 2. Missouri 2.06 mil 3. Nebraska 1.94 mil 4. Oklahoma 1.86 mil 5. S. Dakota 1.66 mil Ohio 270 thousand Fed cattle marketed Fed cattle marketed 1. Texas 6.06 mil 2. Kansas 5.03 mil 3. Nebraska 4.44 mil 4. Colorado 2.51 mil 5. Oklahoma 928 thous

22. Top Countries: Beef Cattle # of Cattle (mil.) # of Cattle (mil.) 1. India215 2. Brazil159 3. China107 4. USA98 5. Argentina55 Production Production (bil. lb. carcass wt.) 1. USA26 2. Brazil13 3. China10 4. Argentina6 5. Russian Fed.5