1. Kingdom Fungi All photographsin this presentation © Pearson Education or Fred M. Rhoades

2. Copy in right page in your INB Fungi Fungi ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ Saprophytic- _________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ Characteristics Source of Food Reproduction ______trophic by absorption Mutualistic -________________ _______________________roots/fungus_______________________algae/fungus Parasitic-____________

3. The Characteristics of Fungi Fungi are NOT plants Hyphae = tubular units of construction (no cells) Heterotrophic by absorption Reproduce by spores, fragmentation, mitosis, budding Ecologically important niches

4. Hyphae Tubular Hard wall of chitin Crosswalls may form compartments (not cells) Multinucleate Grow at tips Mycelium = extensive, feeding web of hyphae

5. Heterotrophic by Absorption Fungi get carbon from organic sources Hyphal tips release enzymes Enzymatic breakdown of substrate Products diffuse back into hyphae Product diffuses back into hypha and is used Nucleus hangs back and “directs”

6. Reproduce by spores Spores are reproductive cells *Sexual *Asexual Formed: *Directly on hyphae *Inside sporangia *Fruiting bodies Amanita fruiting body Pilobolus sporangia Penicillium hyphae

7. Draw and label on LEFT side mycelium fruiting bodies both are composed of hyphae

8. Fungal Ecology Saprophytic *Decomposers *Dead organic material and waste Parasitic *Harm host *Mostly on plants, some animals Mutualistic *Both benefit *Symbiotic relationships Mycorrhizas Lichens

9. Yeasts Single celled fungi Adapted to liquids *Plant saps *Water films *Moist animal tissues Candida Saccharomyces

10. Schizosaccharomyces octospora – fermenter of Palm Wine 10 μm

11. Molds Rapid growth Asexual spores Many human importances *Food spoilage *Food products *Antibiotics, etc. Fig 31.21 Antibiotic activity Noble Rot - Botrytis

12. Mycorrhizas “Fungus roots” Mutualism between: *Fungus – Plant roots Extremely important ecological role of fungi!

13. “Ecto”mycorrhizas Russula mushroom mycorrhizas on Western Hemlock root Fungal hyphae around root and between cells Mycorrhiza cross sections

14. Lichens “Mutualism” between *Fungus – Alga

15. Lichen internal structure Draw on LEFT side Lobaria

16. Mushroom dissection lab