2. 1 SUBMITTED BY:- PRABINA BISWAL

3. OUTLINE 1. Introduction 2. History 3. How It Works 4. Visual representation 5. Accuracy 6. Applications 7. Further Developments 8. What Players Speak 9. References 10. Conclusion 2

4. INTRODUCTION Hawk-Eye is a computer system used in cricket, tennis and other sports to track the path of the ball. Six cameras tracks the ball so Hawk- Eye picks up the exact spot where the ball pitches. Hawk-Eye also measures the speed of the ball from the bowler's hand, so it will tell you exactly how much time the batsman has to react to a ball. 3

5. HISTORY It was developed by engineers at Roke Manor Research Limited in 2001; the patent being held by Paul Hawkins and David Sherry. Later, the technology was spun off into a separate company, Hawk-Eye Innovations Ltd., as a joint venture with television production company Sunset + Vine. It first hit our screens in 2001 and has been helping to unravel the mysteries of the lbw decision ever since. 4

6. HOW IT WORKS This is essentially visual processing, using cameras, not lasers. There are six calibrated cameras stationed at strategic points around the ground. As a ball is bowled each camera recognises the ball in the image. A 3D trajectory of the ball is created from the image data using a process called Kalman Filtering. From this 3D trajectory, you can determine the speed, angle and deviation of the ball's flight. 5

7. VISUAL REPRESENTATION OF THE WORKING OF HAWK EYE TECHNOLOGY 6

8. ACCURACY OF THE TECHNOLOGY During ITF testing in 2006 Hawk-Eye made the correct call in 100% of all tests, showing an average error of only 3.6mm. Tests have always been conducted outdoors, encompassing situations that take the following factors into consideration:  Wind (and therefore camera wobble);  Bright sunlight at different times of the day;  Shadows covering part or the majority of the court;  Dark or overcast conditions;  Artifical floodlights. 7

9. CONTINUED Indoor venues are obviously easier in which to track because conditions are far less variable. Quite simply, Hawk-Eye can track accurately and reliable in any conditions, on any surface. Although the accuracy of the existing system has been tried and tested, the company is constantly trying to develop and refine the system. Hawk-Eye listens to feedback from customers and officials to ensure that Hawk- Eye remains the very best in the market. 8

10. APPLICATIONS 1.It finds its application in different games like cricket, tennis and snooker. 2.It has also been implemented in computer games to give reality to the game. It is basically used in cricket for giving L.B.W Descisions. 9

11. CONTINUED It is used in tennis for making line calls. It is used in snooker for producing players line of view,shadowed area and blue dot. 10

12. FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS 1. Hawk-Eye is already working on implementing a system for basketball. 2. The Football Association has declared the system as "ready for inspection by FIFA", after tests suggested that the results of a goal-line incident could be relayed to the match referee within half-a-second (IFAB, the governing body for the Laws of the game, insists on goals being signalled immediately e.g. within five seconds). 11

13. PLAYERS SPEAK 1.“As a player, I want to know the line calls are as accurate as technology will allow. In that sense, [Hawk-Eye] is great news for all players.” Maria Sharapova 2.“On top of getting just the calls right time after time, which will be nice, it’ll add another aspect for TV viewers. If a player has two challenges per set, it will add drama and excitement. This will add to tennis and take out a lot of human error.” Andy Roddick 12

14. CONCLUSION After all the test that have been conducted on this technology,it has always come out successful and it promises to be a boon for the world of sports and now it is upto the different councils to decide whether to use this technology or not……. 13

15. THANK YOU 14

16. REFERENCES 1. http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC &IDX=WO0141884&F=0&QPN=WO0141884 http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC &IDX=WO0141884&F=0&QPN=WO0141884 2. ^ http://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/20 06-08-10/200608101155219422122.html ^ http://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/20 06-08-10/200608101155219422122.html 3. ^ http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/4/story.cfm ?c_id=4&objectid=10426649 ^ http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/4/story.cfm ?c_id=4&objectid=10426649 4. ^ http://archive.gulfnews.com/indepth/dubaitenn is2007/men/10108379.html ^ http://archive.gulfnews.com/indepth/dubaitenn is2007/men/10108379.html 15