1. DYSGRAPHIA

2. What is dysgraphia It is a learning disability resulting from the difficulty in expressing thoughts in writing. People who have this difficulty usually have a terrible handwriting,with upper and lower handwriting, and typically known as dysgraphic. Dysgraphia may also be related to another learning disabilities such as Tourette syndrome, ADHD or an autism spectrum disorder.

3. What you should know about dysgraphia: Dysgraphia is a learning disability that affects written expression. It makes the act of writing difficult. Individuals with dysgraphia can have difficulty organizing letters, numbers and words on a line or page: Visual-spatial difficulties. Language processing difficulty. Like all learning disabilities, dysgraphia is a life- long challenge.

4. Types of dysgraphia: There are three kinds of dysgraphia, Dyslexic dysgraphia: A child who has this type of dysgraphia usually has unreadable spontaneously written work while copied work is legible. He is also bad in spelling.

5. Types of dysgraphia: Motor dysgraphia: The main cause for this disease is the deficient fine motor skills, poor dexterity, poor tone. Commonly, all written works are illegible. Writing a long paragraph is painful. The spelling and tapping speed is normal.

6. Types of dysgraphia: Spatial dysgraphia: A person with dysgraphia due to a defect in the understanding of space has illegible spontaneously written work, illegible copied work, but normal spelling and normal tapping speed.

7. Some examples of Dysgraphia:

8. The symptoms of Dysgraphia:

9. A cognitive educational company, reports that the most common signs of dysgraphia are as following: Illegible writing and consistently poor handwriting. Inconsistent use of letters. Mixture of upper and lower case letters. Mixture of print and cursive letters.

10. The symptoms of Dysgraphia: Irregular and inconsistent letter sizes. Irregular and inconsistent letter shapes. Incorrect spelling. Reading words incorrectly (i.e. saying "boy" instead of "child"). Unfinished words and sentences. General struggle to communicate through writing.

11. Symptoms organize according to the age: Early Writers Young Students Teenagers & Adults

12. What are causes of dysgraphia? There are 6 causes for dysgraphia: 1-Brain damage. 2-Physical illness or deformity. 3-Intentionally poor penmanship. 4-No or inadequate instruction. 5-Disorientation. 6-Multiple mental images.

13. Diagnosing Dysgraphia: most people who suffer from it are bright not people who are looked as lazy and sloppy. it is essential to diagnose dysgraphia at an early age. It is important for a parent or teacher to be aware of the problem. Professionals involved in the diagnosis include the occupational therapist, school psychologist, and special educator.

14. Diagnosing dysgraphia involves:

15. Diagnosing dysgraphia involves: A doctor directly tests the patient. A physician asks the patient to write sentences and to copy a written text. The doctor or physician must look also at the person’s posture, position, pencil hold and whether their hand shakes when writing. Motor skills like finger tapping and wrist turning are also analyzed.

16. Common problems that is often associated with dysgraphia:

17. Stress The most common of which is stress. Often children (and adults) with dysgraphia will become extremely frustrated with the task of writing (and spelling); younger children may cry or refuse to complete written assignments. This frustration can cause the child (or adult) a great deal of stress and can lead to stress-related illnesses. This can be a result of any symptom of dysgraphia

18. Treatment for dysgraphia

19. What is the treatment for dysgraphia? Treatment depends on the type of dysgraphia but prevention, accommodation and remediation are important.

20. We have to follow these tips: We should concentrate on the problem from the beginning by early training. Tell the child about the importance of clear handwriting. Children must learn to form letters correctly from kindergarten and first grade. Learning to write letters in isolation and daily practicing. Those who have motor dysgraphia are asked to do training to their muscles. Students should also experiment with different writing tools.

21. Prepared By: Ala'a Obaid Bayan Al Shareef Sara Al Sobhi Maram Al Sobhi