1. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 0

2. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 1 Chapter 13 Mental Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

3. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 2 Basic Aims of Primary Prevention Activities To help people avoid stressors or cope with them more adaptively To change the resources, policies, or agents of the environment so that they no longer cause stress but rather enhance people’s functioning

4. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 3 Levels of Prevention Primary prevention—Lowering the incidence of a mental disorder or reducing the rate at which new cases of a disorder develop Secondary prevention—Decreasing the prevalence of a mental disorder by reducing the number of existing cases through early case finding, screening, and prompt effective treatment Tertiary prevention—Reducing the severity of a mental disorder and its associated disability through rehabilitative activities

5. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 4 Nursing Prevention Model 1. 1.Identify a stressor that appears to result in a maladaptive coping response in a significant proportion of the population. Develop procedures for reliably identifying people who are at risk for the stressor and maladaptive response. 2. 2.By epidemiological and laboratory methods, study the consequences of that stressor and develop hypotheses related to how its negative consequences might be reduced or eliminated. 3. 3.Launch and evaluate an experimental preventive intervention program based on these hypotheses.

6. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 5 Risk Factors and Protective Factors Risk factors—Predisposing characteristics that, if present for a person, make it more likely that he or she will develop a disorder Protective factors—Coping resources and coping mechanisms that can improve a person’s response to stress, resulting in adaptive behavior

7. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 6 Target Populations Universal—Targeted to the general population group without consideration of risk factors Selective—Targeted to individuals or groups with a significantly higher risk of developing a particular disorder Indicated—Targeted to high-risk individuals identified as having symptoms foreshadowing a specific mental disorder or biological markers indicating predisposition for the disorder

8. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 7 Health Education Related to Competence Building or Increasing Self-Efficacy Increasing awareness of issues and events related to health and illness; awareness of normal developmental tasks and potential problems is fundamental Increasing understanding of potential stressors, possible outcomes (both adaptive and maladaptive), and alternative coping responses Increasing knowledge of where and how to acquire the needed resources Increasing the actual abilities of the individual or group, including problem solving, communication skills, tolerance of stress and frustration, motivation, hope, anger management, and self-esteem

9. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 8 Environmental Change Economic, work, housing, or family situations Political level

10. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 9 Social Support Community assessment Linking to mental health services Strengthening natural caregiving networks Expanding social support networks Using self-help groups

11. Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 10 Stigma Reduction Public advocacy Public education Supporting searches for causes and effective treatments for mental disorders