1. © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter 17 Preventing Substance Abuse

2. © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Levels of Drug Prevention  Primary prevention refers to the very broad range of activities aimed at reducing the risk of drug use among non-users and assuring continued non-use.

3. © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Levels of Drug Prevention  Intrapersonal factors  Affective education, values clarification, personal and social skills development (assertiveness and refusal skills), drug information and education  Small group factors  Peer mentoring, conflict resolution, curriculum infusion, clarification of peer norms, alternatives, strengthening families  Systems level  Strengthening school-family links, school-community links, and community support systems, media advocacy efforts, reduce alcohol marketing

4. © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Levels of Drug Prevention  Secondary prevention is targeting risk groups, experimenters, and early abuse populations to reverse the progression of abusive behaviors. Similar to “early intervention.”

5. © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Levels of Drug Prevention  Tertiary prevention is intervention at an advanced state of drug abuse. Basically the same as drug abuse treatment.

6. © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Drug Education Strategies  Those that focus on and provide information  Those that stress values, beliefs, and attitudes  Those that emphasize the consequences of drug use (i.e. scare tactics)

7. © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Prevention Programs in Schools  Knowledge-Attitudes-Behavior Model  Affective Education  Values Clarification  Alternatives  Personal and social skills

8. © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Development of the Social Influence Model  Training refusal skills  Public commitment  Countering advertising  Normative education  Use of teen leaders

9. © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. DARE  Drug Abuse Resistance Education is one of the most widely known drug prevention programs  Although well-known and well-funded, it has not shown to be very effective.

10. © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Other Programs  Some peer programs focus on groups in high-risk areas. These groups almost never focus on drug use, but rather the idea to help people become effective members of society.

11. © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Companies and Drugs  Companies that work with the government are required to be “drug free”. They can do this in any manner that they want, but the government gives guidelines produced by the Department of Labor.