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SECTION 3 P. 102-107 Chapter 4
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Bio Review Cells – the smallest unit of biological organization
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Components of the Cell Nucleus: membrane-enclosed organelle that holds the cells DNA
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Components of the Cell Cell Wall - tough, flexible but fairly rigid layer that surrounds the cell
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Six Kingdoms of Life
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1. Archaebacteria Arch – earlier or original Found in harsh environments Bacteria - Microscopic, single celled organisms that reproduce by cell division Characteristics: Prokaryotic – lack nucleus Have a Cell wall Example: Methanogens- live in swamps and produce methane gas
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Six Kingdoms of Life 2. Eubacteria Eu – good, well, or true Found in soil and animals Bacteria - Microscopic, single celled organisms that reproduce by cell division Characteristics: Prokaryotic – lack nucleus Have a Cell wall Examples: E. Coli, cyanobacteria,
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Six Kingdoms of Life 3. Fungi An organism whose cells have nuclei, cell walls, and NO chlorophyll Chlorophyll makes plants green Huge network of threads Absorb food from their surroundings Characteristics: Eukaryotic– have nucleus Eu – true Have a “true” membrane bound nucleus Have a Cell wall EXAMPLES: Mushrooms, athlete’s foot
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Fungi
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Six Kingdoms of Life 4. Protists The organisms that do not fit into the other kingdoms. Most are one celled Their cells have nuclei – some have cell walls Most important protist is algae Algae – plantlike protists that can make their own food using the sun’s energy Ex. Pond “scum” Seaweed Phytoplankton
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Six Kingdoms of Life 5. Plants Many celled organisms that make their own food using the sun’s energy and have cell walls and nuclei Immobile Three main types: 1. Lower Plants – small plants 1. Ex. Mosses and ferns
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Six Kingdoms of Life 5. Plants Three main types: 2. Gymnosperms – woody plants whose seeds are NOT enclosed in fruits Can live in drier conditions Ex. Conifers (cone bearing plants)
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Six Kingdoms of Life 5. Plants Three main types: 3. Angiosperms – flowering plants that produce seeds and fruit Ex. Wheat, orange trees, Dogwood tree
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Six Kingdoms of Life 6. Animals Can not make their own food Their cells have nuclei and contain no cell walls
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Six Kingdoms of Life Two types: 1. Invertebrates – animals that lack backbones Ex. Squid, worm, insects, coral There are more insects on earth than any other type of animal! 25 ft giant squid 3000 ft underwater
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Six Kingdoms of Life 6. Animals Two types: 1. Vertebrates – animals that have backbones Ex. cats, fish, reptiles, birds, humans
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