1. Ecology Review

2. After a volcano erupts, what organisms (in which order) will grow during succession? First lichens and grasses, then small shrubs and trees

3. If a primary consumer is removed from a food chain, what can happen? Number of producers goes up Number of secondary, tertiary, quaternary consumers goes down

4. What is the most important (living) part of a food web? Producers (keystone species)

5. What type of graph shows human population growth? exponential

6. Burning of plants increases carbon in what part of the environment? The atmosphere

7. Which organisms eat dead things? Name + examples Decomposers Detritivores Bacteria, fungi, vultures, hyenas…

8. Name a high level consumer. Carnivores People Lions sharks

9. What organisms are at the bottom of a food pyramid? Producers Autotrophs Plants, moss, algae, plankton

10. List the 5 levels of organization from most to least complex Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Individual

11. Which levels of organization include both biotic and abiotic components? Biosphere and ecosystem only

12. What is a habitat? Where an organism lives within a community

13. What is a niche? The role or job of an organism.

14. Describe tropical rainforests. Near the equator Long days Warm temps Lots of rain Diverse species

15. Describe a savanna Grasslands Distinct wet and dry seasons Large grazing animals Closer to the equator than temperate grasslands

16. Where is the chaparral biome found? San Diego Greece

17. Which biome in the US do farmers grow crops in? grasslands

18. Describe a temperate deciduous forest. Hot summers, cold winters Trees lose their leaves Found in Eastern US

19. What is permafrost? Permanently frozen soil found in the tundra

20. What is the most common distribution pattern in nature? clumped

21. What are the 3 distribution patterns? Clumped Uniform random

22. What is carrying capacity? The maximum number of individuals a habitat can support

23. When a population increases, what is going on with birth and death rates? Birth rates are going up Death rates are going down

24. What conditions cause zero population growth? Birth rates = death rates

25. What does a type I survivorship curve tell us? Parents care for their young K-selected species Humans Long life spans

26. Describe a k-selected organism Parents care for young Few offspring are born, but live long lives People, mammals, birds

27. Describe an r-selected organism. Many offspring are produced No parental care Few offspring survive Weeds, insects, rodents, frogs

28. What is an autotroph? Heterotroph? Autotroph = self feeder, plants that do photosynthesis, producers Heterotroph = eats others, consumers

29. What is an age structure graph? It shows the proportion of individuals in each age group It can show if a population is increasing, decreasing, or staying the same

30. What is predation? When one organism (predator) eats another (prey)

31. Give an example of a herbivore, omnivore, and carnivore Herb = rabbits, vegetarians Omnivore = bears, people, most birds Carnivore = lions, tigers, dogs

32. What is a keystone species? The most important one in a food web One that maintains species diversity in a community

33. How much energy is transferred up a trophic level? 10%

34. Where does the rest of the energy go? Into the atmosphere as heat

35. How do we get carbon from the carbon cycle? Plants make glucose through photosynthesis

36. Which cycle relies on bacteria? Nitrogen

37. Where is phosphorus stored in the environment? In rocks and soil

38. All energy on earth comes from… The sun

39. List some abiotic factors Soil Fire Water Clouds oxygen

40. What is a population? Animals of the same species living in the same area

41. What is a community? All of the organisms in an area

42. What limits population growth? Population limiting factors, like birth, death, food, water, competition, predation, disease, breeding area…