1. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Chapter 8: Point of View PowerPoint by JoAnn Yaworski and Mimi Markus Bridging the Gap, 8/e Brenda Smith

2. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman In this Chapter You Will Learn about:  The author’s point of view  The reader’s point of view  The differences between point of view and bias  The differences between fact and opinion  The author’s purpose  The author’s tone

3. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman What Is the Author’s Point of View? Point of View  Suggests thoughtfulness and openness Bias  Suggests narrow- mindedness and prejudice; facts are slanted toward author’s personal belief Author’s opinions and theories that influence their presentation of the subject matter

4. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Prior Knowledge and Reader’s Point of View Open Mind  Prior knowledge  Slightly suspicious nature Closed Mind  Existing opinions affect how much we accept or reject  If beliefs are strong we “tune out” new material Alternative Arguments

5. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman What Is a Fact? A Fact  Statement based on actual evidence or personal observation  Can be checked objectively with empirical data  Can be proved to be either true or false

6. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman What Is an Opinion?  Opinion is a statement of personal feeling or a judgment.  Reflects a belief or an interpretation rather than an accumulation of evidence  Cannot be proved true or false

7. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Fact and Opinion  Fact: Freud developed a theory of personality  Opinion: Freud constructed the most complete theory of personality development  Fact: Freud believed that the personality is divided into three parts  Opinion: The personality is divided into three parts: the id, the ego, and the superego

8. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Questioning to Uncover Bias  What is your opinion on the subject?  What is the author’s opinion on the subject?  What are the author’s credentials for writing on the subject?  What does the author have to gain?  Does the author use facts or opinions as support?  Are the facts selected and slanted to reflect the author’s bias?

9. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman What Is the Author’s Purpose? informargueentertain explainpersuadenarrate describecondemnshock enlightenridiculeinvestigate

10. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman What Is the Author’s Tone?  Humorous remarks designed to be comical and amusing  Sarcastic remarks designed to cut or give pain  Ironic remarks: –Express something other than the literal meaning –Designed to show the incongruity between the actual and the expected

11. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Recognizing the Author’s Tone Part (1)  Absurd/Ridiculous: laughable or a joke  Ambivalent: having contradictory attitudes or feelings  Arrogant: acting conceited or above others  Cheerful: feeling good about the topic  Complex: complicated and entangled with confusing parts

12. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Recognizing the Author’s Tone Part (2)  Cruel: mean spirited  Cynical: expecting the worst from people  Depressed: sad, dejected, or having low spirits  Distressed: suffering strain, misery, or agony  Disapproving: judging unfavorably

13. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Recognizing the Author’s Tone Part (3)  Hard: unfeeling, strict, and unrelenting  Incredulous: unbelieving  Intense/Impassioned: extremely involved, zealous, or agitated  Irreverent: lack of respect for authority  Ironic: the opposite of what is expected

14. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Recognizing the Author’s Tone Part (4)  Mocking/Condemning: using facts without emotions  Objective/factual: using facts without emotions  Optimistic: looking on the bright side  Pathetic: moving one to compassion or pity  Pessimistic: looking on the negative side

15. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Recognizing the Author’s Tone Part (5)  Reverent: showing respect  Righteous: morally correct  Sarcastic: saying one thing and meaning another  Sensational: over-dramatized or over- hyped  Serious/Ernest/Sincere: being honest and concerned  Tragic: regrettable or deplorable mistake

16. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Recognizing the Author’s Tone Part (6)  Sarcastic: saying one thing and meaning another  Sensational: over-dramatized or over- hyped  Serious/Earnest/Sincere: being honest & concerned  Tragic: regrettable or deplorable mistake

17. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Editorial Cartoons Editorial cartoons make implied statements:  Take positions on local and national news events  Frequently depict politicians as crooks and thieves

18. © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman Visit the Longman English Pages  http://www.ablongman.com/englishpages Take a Road Trip to the Getty Museum! Be sure to visit the Purpose and Tone module in your Reading Road Trip CD-ROM for multimedia tutorials, exercises, and tests.