1. Slide 1 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination Massimo Moser DLR German Aerospace Center, Institute of Technical Thermodynamic CSP EXPO - 9 September 2010

2. Slide 2 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO Water scarcity – global overview Source: IWMI 2006

3. Slide 3 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO AQUA-CSP scenario for Middle East and North Africa Source: AQUA-CSP 2007

4. Slide 4 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO Matching between water scarcity and global potential for CSP Source: REACCESS 2009

5. Slide 5 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO Conventional Desalination Plant Open intake Screening Filtration Anti-Scaling Anti-Foaming Anti-Corrosion Chlorine Desalination Unit Direct discharge Power Plant Fossil fuel Source: Catalana de Perforacions

6. Slide 6 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO Sustainable Desalination Plant Horizontal drain intake Nano- Filtration Desalination Unit Multi-port diffuser Power Plant CSP collector and thermal storage Source: Catalana de Perforacions Source: CORMIX

7. Slide 7 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO Reverse Osmosis (RO) Separation method which bases on selective membrane: water passage is pressure dependent, while salt passage is constant Required pressure (55 – 70 bar) Salinity of product water: < 300 ppm for 1-stage systems < 50 ppm for 2-stages plants Relatively high electricity consumption: 3 - 6 kWh/m 3 Very specific pre-treatment of feed water required Feed waterPermeate Concentrate Selective membrane Source: comptonengineering

8. Slide 8 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO Multiple effect distillation (MED) Typical co-generation application Bases on multiple evaporation and condensation processes in different stages, which allow for an optimal employment of the available heat for water production High water quality (< 10 ppm) Working temperature: 65 - 80 °C Low internal electricity consumption (< 0.6 kWh/m 3 distillate) Feed water Distillate Brine Heat source Source: ENTROPIE

9. Slide 9 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO CSP-RO configuration Electrical interconnection only CSP plant can be located away from the coast Dry-cooling (lower efficiency vs. higher DNI)

10. Slide 10 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO CSP-MED configuration Limited to coast Interdependent operation Hot water tank allows for compensation of variations in the turbine thermal output and thus for an almost constant water production

11. Slide 11 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO Conclusions Increasing water shortages require a paradigm change in the water sector supply; countermeasures in order to improve efficiency in the water sector have to be taken as soon as possible (drip systems, water distribution and re-use, avoidance of water-intensive crops) However these countermeasures will not be sufficient to cover the water deficit and new water sources have to be tapped Sustainable desalination driven by CSP is a valid option: the energy source is large enough to cope with demand and CSP is a proven technology CSP mitigates the risk if energy cost escalation, allows for a flexible plant operation. In the end CSP multi-purpose plants make possible to produce sustainable electricity and water

12. Slide 12 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO For more information: www.med-csd-ec.eu www.dlr.de/tt/aqua-csp Thank you!