1. By: Alyssa Beerling, Frankie Victoria, Joey Seiler, Melissa Lupinacci http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100406093636.htm

2. What is Desalination? Misconception of Desalination is a process that involves the removal of brine and other minerals, such as chemical compounds from sea water or brackish water. Desalination of sea and brackish water have offered a wide rang of human health, socio-economic, and environmental benefits by providing an unlimited and constant supply of high quality drinking water Potential Negative Impact Impairment of coastal water quality Affects on marine life Air pollution emissions which are attributed to the energy and cost demand of the process

3. Reverse Osmosis http://coolingtower-design.com/2011/01/25/reverse-osmosis

4. Distillation http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/h2oqual/watsys/ae1032w.htm

5. Output of Desalination Plants Impacts Brine Twice as much salt Toxic Chemicals Treatment/Maintanence Heavy metals Heated discharge Subtle Changes in the marine environment can affect it extensively Worldwide ocean: Temperature= 15 to 20 Degrees Celsius Salinity= 30 to 37 ppt Affects of brine Salinity Chemicals Thermal pollution Groundwater is also at risk http://www.hardrainproject.com/hrpl?n=1178

6. Source Water Acquisition Marine Water Intake Issues Impingement Entrainment Brackish Groundwater Sustainability of the aquifer Subsidence Seawater intrusion

7. Environmental Impacts from Concentrate Management Coastal Concentrate Discharge into Oceans, Seas, Estuaries Studies of Effects of Concentrate on Specific Marine Organisms Case Studies Sensitivity to Salinity (Rinne, 1971) Effects of Concentrate on Sea grass (Latorre, 2005)

8. Economic Costs Tampa Bay Seawater Desalination Plant 150 million dollar operation Yuma Desalting Plant 245 million dollar project Costs of delivery Efficiency of desalination 15%-50% efficient

9. Energy Costs Solubility properties of salt Desalination in Australia Coal as energy source Desalination in Saudi Arabia Oil as energy source Environmental toll

10. Work Cited http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/269784/desalination_pr os_and_cons_of_a_typically_thorny_issue.html http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/269784/desalination_pr os_and_cons_of_a_typically_thorny_issue.html http://www.resources.ca.gov/ocean/97Agenda/Chap5Desal.html http://www.theoildrum.com/node/5155 http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/11/world/asia/11water.html?pagewanted =allhttp://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/11/world/asia/11water.html?pagewanted =all http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=why-dont-we-get-our- drinking-water-from-the-oceanhttp://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=why-dont-we-get-our- drinking-water-from-the-ocean http://www.pacinst.org/reports/desalination/desalination_report.pdf http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916407006005 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916405006041