2. Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Tense can describe A AA A COMPLETED ACTION in the RECENT PAST. The R RR RESULT can be s ss seeeeeeeeeeeeen. He has opened the door. The door is open now. Ay ş e has cleaned the board. The board is clean now. They have eaten their hamburgers. They’re not hungry now.

3. We have tidied our rooms. Our rooms are tidy now. He has cut his finger. His finger is bleeding now.

4. I have cleaned the table. It is clean now. He has opened the door. It is open now. Ali has broken his computer. It is broken now. Teams have scored a lot of goals this season. Astronomers have discovered some stars t tt this century. My mother has prayed a lot t tt this week.

5. Present Perfect Shows UNFINISHED TIME: Unfinished time ? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 88 8 9………………………………………24 hours Now 08.30 a.m. P a s t F u t u r e Today isn’t finished, It is half past eight now….

6. Present Perfect Shows UNFINISHED TIME: ? Unfinished time ? P a s t F u t u r e This week isn’t finished, It is WEDNESDAY today….

7. Present Perfect Shows UNFINISHED TIME: ? Unfinished time ? J F M A MJJASOND P a s t F u t u r e This year isn’t finished, It is APRIL now….

8. present perfect The present perfect is OFTEN used with SINCE & FOR UNFINISHED PAST To express the UNFINISHED PAST. I have studied Spanish since I graduated from university. 1988 I graduated from university I have STUDied now

9. sinceTHURSDAY. I haven’t seen you since THURSDAY. MondaySundaySaturdayFridayThursday Now Tuesday I haven’t seen Since

10. I have seen a lot of beautiful places in my life. P a s t 1997 Went America 1999 Went Spain 2004 Went China 2 0 0 6 W e n t I t a l y I have seen beautiful places Now 2011

11. I was a teacher 2 22 22 years ago. +I am a teacher N NN NOW I H HH HAVE BEEN a teacher f ff for 22 years. 1989 2011 P a s t for 22 years.

12. Since: shows STARTING point in the past Her sister HAS lived there s ss since 1987. I HAVE not RIDDEN a donkey s ss since I was 7. We were both in the Independence War. But We HAVE not SEEN each other S SS SINCE.

13. since Her sister HAS lived there since 1987. 1987 Since 1987 Now P a s t Present 2007 SinceSTARTING Since: shows STARTING point in the past

14. since I HAVE not RIDDEN a donkey since I was 7. Now I am 42 years old. Since I was seven 2007 1972 SinceSTARTING Since: shows STARTING point in the past P a s t present

15. We were both in the Independence War. But We HAVE not SEEN each other S SS SINCE. SinceSTARTING Since: shows STARTING point in the past Now 2007 present P a s t the Independence War

16. For: shows DURATION She h hh has lived here f ff for 15 years. I h hh haven’t ridden a donkey f ff for 8 years. They h hh have been in prison f ff for 6 months.

17. For: shows DURATION She h hh has lived here f ff for 19 years. Now 2011 present 1992 P a s t For 19 years

18. For For: shows DURATION for I haven’t ridden a donkey for 8 years. Now 2011 present 2003 for for 8 years. P a s t

19. For: shows DURATION They h hh have been in prison f ff for 6 months. April October for 6 months Now

20. JUST, ALREADY, YET, RECENTLY, LATELY I have JUST received a letter. She has JUST gone out. The teacher has JUST eaten a toast. They have JUST washed the dishes. We have ALREADY done our homework. You have ALREADY come here. He has ALREADY brushed his hair. The doctor has ALREADY examined the patient.

21. JUST, ALREADY, YET, RECENTLY, LATELY Lately Lately: recently, in recent times The architects have built several buildings LATELY. The students have solved a lot of questions LATELY. Ali has studied hard RECENTLY. She has painted her room RECENTLY. Recently: Recently: lately, in recent times son günlerde, son zamanlarda, bu yakında, bu aralar

22. JUST, ALREADY, YET, RECENTLY, LATELY ( ? ) (not) Have you cleaned the car y yy yet ? Has she bought a tv y yy yet ? Have they answered your letter y yy yet? He has not / hasn’t eaten his toast y yy yet. We have not / haven’t done our homework y yy yet. She has not / hasn’t watered the flowers y yy yet.

23. Up to the present, SO FAR, till now Nobody has cleaned the room UP TO THE PRESENT. They have watered seven fields SO FAR. The patient has only drunk water TILL NOW. So far: up until now, until this moment, thus far Ever, never Have you ever seen Rize? Have you ever visited a foreign country? Has he ever bought you a bunch of flowers? I have never seen a kangaroo. She has never sent me a letter. We have never hurt each other.

24. Gone to, been to She has gone to Ankara. She is in Ankara now. They have gone to Istanbul. They are in Istanbul now. She has been to ANKARA. (She went there but she isn’t there now.) They have been to Istanbul. (They went to Istanbul but they are not in Istanbul, now)

25. She has gone to Ankara. She is in Ankara now. Kastamonu Ankara She has gone to Ankara. She is still in Ankara.

26. They have been to Istanbul. (They went to Istanbul but they are not in Istanbul, now) Kastamonu Istanbul

27. E x e r c i s e s TRANSLATE INTO TURKISH 1.How many books have you read so far? 2.They have vacuumed the carpets. 3.I’ve already seen that film. 4.The soldiers haven’t arrived yet. 5.How long have you been a teacher? 6.My brother has eaten seven eggs today. 7.Don’t wash that shirt. I’ve washed it. 8.We have eaten too much chicken since we began the journey.

28. They h hh have never c cc climbed that mountain. How much money h hh have you p pp paid for this car? Your father is looking for you. Where h hh have you b bb been? She h hh has not e ee eaten anything since she got up. They h hh have not s ss seen each other for five years.