1. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Jason Rhyner HS 404 Northern Arizona University

2.  MRSA background  MRSA in the United States  Data and Measures  Patterns of MRSA  MRSA in Germany  Data and Measures  Patterns of MRSA  Summary and Conclussion Outline

3.  MRSA is a bacterial infection  Resistant to most antibiotics  Typically found in skin infections  Also found in respiratory tract MRSA Background

4.  Typically found in hospital setting  Until early 1990’s  Spread very easily  Spread through direct contact  Open sores or shared items like towels and razors Background cont.

5.  Possible Symptoms:  Pimple like sores  Red, painful, or swollen area around site  May be warm to touch  May have pus draining from site  Fever Background cont.

6.  MRSA infections come in four stages:  Susceptibility  Pre-symptomatic disease  Clinical disease  Recovery, disability, or death Background cont.

7.  Susceptibility  No physical signs or symptoms Four Stages of MRSA Infection

8.  Pre-symptomatic stage:  Detected with throat or rectal swabs  Often done in patients during long-term hospital stays Four Stages cont.

9.  Clinical Disease:  Physical signs and symptoms present  Red spots  Swelling  Possible pus production Four Stages cont.

10.  Recovery, Disability, or Death  The end result of the infection and treatment attemps Four Stages cont.

11.  Poor Hygiene habits  Exposure to infected individual or equipment  Recent hospitalization  Long-term care facility stay  Evasive medical devices like urinary catheters  Homosexual sex between men Risk Factors

12.  Data and Measures  Usually maintained at a hospital level  Tracked based on occurrence  Mortality rates also tracked MRSA in the United States

13.  As of 2013 per CDC:  26 cases for every 100,000 population Patterns in the United States

14.  MRSA in Germany  Data and Measures  Patterns of MRSA MRSA in Germany

15.  Higher incidence since the late 1990’s in Germany  Higher incidence in general public  Not just in health care facilities  MRSA is most common drug resistant disease in Germany Data and Measures

16.  Since 2010 in German hospitals:  Average of 132,000 new cases per year  20% of all staph infections positive for MRSA Data and Measures cont.

17.  Elderly community is most commonly effected  66% infected are over the age of 50  Men more commonly effected than women  Many infections came from contact with animals  Pig farms are a common source  86% of pig farmers in Germany test positive Patterns of MRSA in Germany

18.  MRSA typically found in skin infections  Appear as pimples or ingrown hairs  Painful sites  Red area  Possible pus production Summary

19.  MRSA is resistant to several antibiotics  People at higher risk:  Elderly  Long hospital stays  Poor hygiene Summary cont.

20.  Prevention of MRSA techniques  Thoroughly washing hands  Covering open wounds until they scab over  Body Substance Isolation in health care workers  Clean and sanitize equipment Summary cont.

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