1. Theories of Personality Jung
Chapter 4
© 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Outline Overview of Analytical Psychology Biography of Jung
Levels of the Psyche
Dynamics of Personality
Psychological Types
Development of Personality
Jung’s Method of Investigation
Related Research
Critique of Jung
Concept of Humanity

3. Overview of Analytical Psychology
Assumes Occult Phenomena Influence Lives
Inherit Experiences from Ancestors in form of Collective Unconscious
Archetypes are highly developed aspects of this
Aim at Achieving Balance between Opposing Forces

4. Biography of Jung Born in Kesswil, Switzerland in 1875
Oldest surviving child of an idealistic Protestant minister
Mother’s family had a tradition of mysticism
Jung decided to become a physician after dreaming of making scientific discoveries
After receiving his medical degree in 1900, he became a psychiatric assistant to Bleuler
Studied with Janet in Paris in

5. Biography (cont’d)
He read Freud’s writings and eventually began corresponding with Freud in 1906
Freud saw Jung as his successor
Jung became disenchanted with Freud’s theories and broke with the International Psychoanalytic Association in 1913
Began his own approach to theory and therapy called analytical psychology
Jung’s theories became popular outside of psychology (e.g., religion, anthropology, and pop culture)
Died in Zurich in 1961

6. Levels of Psyche Conscious Psychic images sensed by the ego
Personal Unconscious
Repressed, forgotten, or subliminally perceived experiences
Collective Unconscious
Ideas from the experiences inherited from our ancestors
Archetypes
Archaic images derived from the collective unconscious

7. Archetypes Archetypes include: Persona Shadow Anima Animus
Great Mother
Wise Old Man
Hero
The Self

8. Dynamics of Personality
Causality and Teleology
Behavior is shaped by both
Progression and Regression
Progression
Forward flow of psychic energy
Necessary for adaptation to outside world
Regression
Backward flow of psychic energy
Necessary for adaptation to inner world

9. Psychological Types Attitudes Introversion Extraversion
Predisposition to act in a characteristic direction
Introversion
The turning inward of psychic energy with an orientation toward the subjective
Extraversion
The turning outward of psychic energy so that a person is oriented toward the objective and away from the subjective

10. Psychological Types (cont’d)
Functions
Thinking
Logical intellectual activity that produces a chain of ideas
Feeling
Evaluating an idea or event
Sensation
Receives physical stimuli and transmits them to perceptual consciousness
Intuition
Perception beyond the workings of consciousness

11. Development of Personality
Stages of Development
Childhood
Anarchic
Monarchic
Dualistic
Youth
The period from puberty until middle life
Major difficulty to overcome is conservative principle or the tendency to cling to childhood

12. Development of Personality
Stages of Development
Middle Life
Begins at approximately age 35 or 40
Period of anxiety and potential
Old Age
Diminution of consciousness
Death is the goal of life
Self-Realization (Individuation)
Requires assimilation of unconsciousness into total self
Process of integrating opposites into a harmonious self
Rarely achieved

13. Jung’s Method of Investigation
Word Association Test
Dream Analysis
Active Imagination
Psychotherapy (Four Stages)
Confession of a pathogenic secret
Interpretation, explanation, and elucidation
Education as social beings
Transformation

14. Related Research Personality Type and Interest in Teaching
Willing, Guest, & Morford (2001)
Master-in-training students likely to be high in intuition and feeling
Personality Type and Investing Money
Filbeck, Hatfield, & Horvath (2005)
MBTI a good predictor of risk tolerance among types
Interest in and Attrition from Engineering
Thomas et al. (2000)
Extraversion predicted dropout from engineering courses

15. Critique of Jung Jung’s Theory Is:
Moderate on Generating Research and Organizing Observations
Low on Practicality, Internal Consistency, and Parsimony
Very Low on Falsifiability

16. Concept of Humanity
He was not Deterministic nor Purposeful, Optimistic nor Pessimistic
People are both Causal and Teleological
People Motivated by both Conscious and Unconscious Thoughts
Biology over Social
Similarity over Individual Differences