1. FALLING SHAPES
BY LUCA GURGULINO

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
What effect does the shape of a parachute have on the time it takes to reach the ground from a given point?

3. HYPOTHOESIS
If the parachute is a circular formatted shape, then the parachute will take longer to reach the ground than parachutes made with square, triangular or rectangular shapes.

4. VARIABLE Independent variable -the shape of the parachute
-time taken to reach the ground
Control variable
-same materials
-height of release
-size of parachute
-the weight at the bottom of the parachute
-location of drop

5. MATERIALS Four plastic bags from super market
One small plastic action figure
A spool of yarn
Ruler
One pair of scissors
Step ladder
Timer
Measuring tape

6. PROCEDURES Cut a square from the plastic bag measuring 16 cm x 16 cm
Cut a triangle with a base of 16 cm and a height 32 cm from the plastic bag
Cut a rectangle from the plastic bag measuring 32 cm x by 8 cm
Cut a circle with a diameter of 18 cm from the plastic bag
Cut 1 cm slits on each corner of the shapes (square, rectangle, and triangle)
Cut 1 cm slits at four points (end of diameter) on the circle

7. PROCEDURE
7. Cut 15 pieces of yarn measuring 16 cm 8. Tie one string in each slit of the parachutes 9. Measure and mark the height of 3.5 meters 10. Attach action figure to the square parachute 11. Release parachute from marked point and start timer 12. Record time taken to reach the ground 13. Repeat steps 11 and 12 two more times 14. Record time taken to reach the ground 15. De attach action figure from square parachute and attach it to triangular parachute.

8. PROCEDURE
16. Repeat 11 and 12 on triangular shaped parachute 17.De attach action figure from triangle parachute attach it to rectangular parachute 18.Repeat 11 and 12 on rectangular shaped parachute 19. De attach action figure from parachute attach it to the circular parachute 20. Repeat 11 and 12 on circular shaped parachute 21. De attach action figure from circular shaped parachute 22. Write all data into data table.

9. TIME TAKEN TO REACH THE GROUND
DATA
TIME TAKEN TO REACH THE GROUND
(IN SECONDS)
SHAPE
TRIAL 1
TRIAL 2
TRIAL 3
AVERAGE
CIRCLE
2.76
1.28
2.10
2.04
SQUARE
2.19
1.43
1.63
RECTANGLE
1.46
1.06
0.84
1.12
TRIANGLE
1.01
1.86
2.65
1.84

10. DATA

11. RESULTS
From the data, it was observed that the circular shaped parachute had the greatest amount of air time. On the other hand, the rectangular shaped parachute had the least amount of air time. The data shows that the times the different shaped parachutes took to reach the ground averaged between 1.00 and 3.00 seconds. The average for the circular parachute was 2.04 sec. , the square took 1.63 sec. , the rectangular shaped parachute took 1.12 sec. , and the triangular one took 1.84 sec.. The range in time was a difference of 0.92 sec.. Although the hypothesis was supported by the data, the validity of this data may have been effected by the unexpected variables such as wind and height of release. It is obvious from the data that the independent variable did have a slight effect on the dependent variable.

12. CONCLUSION
This experiment tested whether the shape of a parachute effected the time it took to reach the ground. From the data, it was observed that the circular shaped parachute had the greatest amount of air time and the rectangular shaped parachute had the least amount of air time. The average for the circular parachute was 2.04 sec. , the square took 1.63 sec. , the rectangular shaped parachute took 1.12 sec. , and the triangular one took 1.84 sec.. The range in time was a difference of 0.92 sec.. Although the hypothesis was supported by the data, the validity of this data may have been effected by the unexpected variables such as wind and height of release. According to other experiments done, the circular shaped parachute has the greater air time. This is due to the bubble the circular shaped parachute forms creating a greater drag.

13. CONCLUSION cont.
To improve this experiment, the area of release would require more control. Perhaps conducting the experiment in doors and having a contraption release the parachute would limit the outside variables. Additionally, the material used for the parachute could also be replaced with a thicker material. If this experiment were to be conducted again, it is recommended to use a larger surface area when creating the different shaped parachutes. It would be interesting to know if the size would result in different outcomes.

14. ABSTRACT
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate whether different shaped parachutes of the same surface area would affect the amount of time it took to reach the ground. To conduct the experiment different shapes (rectangle, square, triangle, and circle) with a surface area of 256 cm sq. were cut from a plastic bag. After attaching the parachute to a controlled amount of mass, the parachute was released from a controlled height and its airtime was recorded. Although some of the results may have been inaccurate due to the unforeseen wind, the data indicated that the circular shaped parachute had the greatest amount of airtime. It also demonstrated that the rectangular parachute had the least airtime.

15. ABSTRACT CONT.
The average airtime among all shapes was between 1 and 3 seconds. At the beginning of the experiment it was hypothesized that the circular parachute would take the longest time to reach the ground. This hypothesis was proven to be correct. In the future it is recommended that this experiment.

16. APPLICATION
This experiment can be very beneficial for paragliders, air force men, parasailors, and anyone working in the parachute industry. This data demonstrates that circular shaped parachutes are more effective gliding through the air. If airtime is what they need, the circular shape is the best to use. However, if trying to parasail, a rectangular shape would be more beneficial because it can create a greater drag and keeps the parasailor in the air longer.

17. BIBILIOGRAPHY
“How Does Shape of a Parachute Affect Its Performance?" How Does Shape of a Parachute Affect Its Performance? 2 Sept Web. 2 Oct
Koonts, Robin. "Parachutes, Gravity and Air Resistance - KIDS DISCOVER." KIDS DISCOVER. 7 Aug Web. 17 Oct
Woodford, Chris. "Parachutes." How Parachutes Work. 10 Oct Web. 30 Oct