1. Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called
autotrophs.
heterotrophs.
thylakoids.
pigments. 1 2 3 4 5

2. Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from the foods they eat are called
autotrophs.
heterotrophs.
thylakoids.
plants. 1 2 3 4 5

3. Which of the following is an autotroph?
mushroom
impala
leopard
tree 1 2 3 4 5

4. Which of the following is NOT an example of a heterotroph?
mushroom
leopard
grass
human 1 2 3 4 5

5. What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?
adenine, thylakoids, stroma
stroma, grana, chlorophyll
adenine, ribose, phosphate groups
NADH, NADPH, and FADH2 1 2 3 4 5

6. Which of the following is NOT a part of an ATP molecule?
adenine
ribose
chlorophyll
phosphate 1 2 3 4 5

7. Energy is released from ATP when
a phosphate group is added.
adenine bonds to ribose.
ATP is exposed to sunlight.
a phosphate group is removed. 1 2 3 4 5

8. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about ATP?
ATP consists of ribose, adenine, and phosphate.
ADP forms when ATP releases energy.
ATP provides energy for the mechanical functions of cells.
Used ATP is discarded by the cell as waste. 1 2 3 4 5

9. Figure 8–1

10. Look at Figure 8–1. All of the following are parts of an ADP molecule EXCEPT
structure A.
structure B.
structure C.
structure D. 1 2 3 4 5

11. Which structures shown in Figure 8–1 make up an ATP molecule?
A and B
A, B, and C
A, B, C, and D
C and D 1 2 3 4 5

12. In Figure 8–1, between which parts of the molecule must the bonds be broken to form an ADP molecule?
A and B
B and C
C and D
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

13. Jan van Helmont concluded that plants gain most of their mass from
water.
the soil.
carbon dioxide in the air.
oxygen in the air. 1 2 3 4 5

14. Which scientists showed that plants need light to grow?
van Helmont and Calvin
Priestley and Ingenhousz
van Helmont and Priestley
Priestley and Calvin 1 2 3 4 5

15. Ingenhousz showed that plants produce oxygen bubbles when exposed to
carbon dioxide.
light.
a burning candle. 1 2 3 4 5

16. Different plants require different amounts of water.
Suppose Priestley repeated his experiment using many kinds of plants besides mint, and that when different plants were placed under the jar the candle remained lighted for different periods of time. What would be a logical conclusion from these experiments?
Different plants require different amounts of water.
Different plants release different amounts of carbon dioxide.
Different plants require different amounts of light.
Different plants release different amounts of oxygen. 1 2 3 4 5

17. A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27°C. The gas being collected is probably
oxygen.
carbon dioxide.
ATP.
vaporized water. 1 2 3 4 5

18. Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
oxygen.
high-energy sugars and starches.
ATP and oxygen.
oxygen and high-energy sugars and starches. 1 2 3 4 5

19. Which of the following is(are) used in the overall reactions for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide
water
light
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

20. In the overall equation for photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide result in six molecules of
glucose.
water.
oxygen.
ATP. 1 2 3 4 5

21. Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called
pigments.
thylakoids.
chloroplasts.
glucose. 1 2 3 4 5

22. Plants take in the sun’s energy by absorbing
high-energy sugars.
chlorophyll a.
chlorophyll b.
sunlight. 1 2 3 4 5

23. Most plants appear green because chlorophyll
does not absorb green light.
reflects violet light.
absorbs green light.
none of the above 1 2 3 4 5

24. Which region of the visible spectrum is not absorbed well by chlorophyll?
blue
violet
green
red 1 2 3 4 5

25. A granum is a stack of chloroplasts. stack of thylakoids.
membrane enclosing a thylakoid.
photosynthetic pigment molecule. 1 2 3 4 5

26. The stroma is the region outside the
thylakoids.
chloroplasts.
plant cells.
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

27. Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found?
in the stroma
in the thylakoid
in the ATP
in the glucose 1 2 3 4 5

28. Which of the following is false?
A chloroplast contains stroma.
A stroma contains a thylakoid.
A granum contains several thylakoids.
A thylakoid contains chlorophyll. 1 2 3 4 5

29. Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?
in the stroma
in the mitochondria
within the thylakoid membranes
only in chlorophyll molecules 1 2 3 4 5

30. What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?
oxygen gas
ATP
NADPH
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

31. Which step is the beginning of photosynthesis?
Pigments in photosystem I absorb light.
Pigments in photosystem II absorb light.
High-energy electrons move through the electron transport chain.
ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane. 1 2 3 4 5

32. Which of the following is NOT a step in the light-dependent reactions?
High-energy electrons move through the electron transport chain.
Pigments in photosystem II absorb light.
ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane.
ATP and NADPH are used to produce high-energy sugars. 1 2 3 4 5

33. Which of the following is inside the thylakoid membrane?
electron transport chain
photosystem I
ATP synthase
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

34. Why does the inside of the thylakoid membrane become positively charged during the light-dependent reactions?
H+ ions are released as water splits.
ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the membrane.
ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP.
Carbon dioxide builds up in the stroma. 1 2 3 4 5

35. Which pathway represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?
H2 O ® Photosystem I ® Photosystem II
O2 ® ADP ® Calvin cycle
Photosystem I ® Calvin cycle ® NADPH
H2 O ® NADPH ® Calvin cycle 1 2 3 4 5

36. Where are photosystems I and II found?
in the stroma
in the thylakoid membrane
in the Calvin cycle
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

37. The Calvin cycle is another name for
light-independent reactions.
light-dependent reactions.
photosynthesis.
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

38. The Calvin cycle takes place in the
stroma.
photosystems.
thylakoid membranes.
chlorophyll molecules. 1 2 3 4 5

39. What is a product of the Calvin cycle?
oxygen gas
ATP
high-energy sugars
carbon dioxide gas 1 2 3 4 5

40. How does the Calvin cycle differ from the light-dependent reactions?
It takes place in the stroma.
It takes place in chloroplasts.
It requires light.
It takes place in the thylakoid. 1 2 3 4 5

41. More sugars will be produced. No sugars will be produced.
If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s production of high-energy sugars?
More sugars will be produced.
No sugars will be produced.
The same number of sugars will be produced but without carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide does not affect the production of high-energy sugars in plants. 1 2 3 4 5

42. Which of the following affects the rate of photosynthesis?
water
temperature
light intensity
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

43. If you continue to increase the intensity of light that a plant receives, what happens?
The rate of photosynthesis increases with light intensity.
The rate of photosynthesis decreases with light intensity.
The rate of photosynthesis increases and then levels off.
The rate of photosynthesis does not change. 1 2 3 4 5

44. What would you expect to happen to plants at temperatures greater than 45°C?
They will have a very high rate of photosynthesis.
They will have a less than optimal rate of photosynthesis.
They will have a high rate of photosynthesis if light intensity is also great.
They will have an optimal rate of photosynthesis if water is available. 1 2 3 4 5

45. Figure 8–2

46. Which of the graphs in Figure 8–2 represents the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis? A B C D 1 2 3 4 5

47. Which of the graphs in Figure 8–2 represents the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis? A B C D 1 2 3 4 5

48. The energy in most food comes originally from sunlight
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

49. Heterotrophs require oxygen. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

50. ADP is one of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store energy. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

51. Figure 8–1

52. The substance represented in Figure 8–1 is called ATP
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

53. If a plant and a burning candle are placed under a bell jar, the candle will burn because the plant gives off carbon dioxide. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

54. Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called pigments. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

55. A plant whose leaves are naturally yellow probably contains chlorophyll as well as other light-absorbing pigments. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

56. If you grind up the chloroplasts found in spinach leaves into a liquid solution, the solution will have a green color. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

57. Figure 8–3

58. The structure labeled A in Figure 8–3 contains chlorophyll
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

59. If you were to isolate the structure shown in Figure 8–3, it would appear green. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

60. ATP synthesis depends directly on the availability of light energy
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

61. The light-dependent reactions supply the Calvin cycle with CO2 and ATP
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

62. During the light-dependent reactions, plants use the energy in ATP and NADPH to build high-energy sugars. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

63. The Calvin cycle provides cells with compounds that can store energy for more than a few minutes. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

64. If a plant is placed in a greenhouse held at 40°C, the plant will probably increase its normal rate of photosynthesis. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

65. Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
Participant 1
Participant 2
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5

66. Organisms, such as hawks and leopards, that obtain energy from the foods they consume are called ____________________. 1 2 3 4 5
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67. Cells keep only a small amount of ____________________ on hand and regenerate it as needed by using carbohydrates. 1 2 3 4 5
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68. _________________________ concluded that plants gain most of their mass from water alone.1 2 3 4 5
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69. Ingenhousz found that plants produce oxygen only in the presence of ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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70. Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and _________________________. 1 2 3 4 5
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71. Photosynthesis requires light, water, carbon dioxide, and ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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72. If you separate the pigments found in a typical plant cell’s chloroplasts, you will find ____________________, orange, and red pigments. 1 2 3 4 5
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73. ____________________ are photosynthetic membranes inside chloroplasts.1 2 3 4 5
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74. Thylakoids are arranged in stacks known as ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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75. Thylakoids are a ____________________ color because they contain chlorophyll.1 2 3 4 5
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76. Figure 8–3

77. Photosystems I and II are found in the structure labeled ____________________ in Figure 8–3.1 2 3 4 5
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78. The area in Figure 8–3 labeled A is called the ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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79. A membrane protein called _____________________ allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane out of the thylakoids. 1 2 3 4 5
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80. The electrons that chlorophyll loses to the electron transport chain are replenished by ____________________ molecules. 1 2 3 4 5
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81. In many plants, the rate of photosynthesis ____________________ when the weather becomes very cold.1 2 3 4 5
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82. What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph
What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? Give an example of each type of organism 1 2 3 4 5
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83. Explain how heterotrophs get their energy from the sun even though they cannot make their own food.1 2 3 4 5
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84. List four organisms that are heterotrophs.1 2 3 4 5
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85. What happens when a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule?1 2 3 4 5
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86. What is ATP, and when is energy released from it?1 2 3 4 5
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87. Write the overall equation for photosynthesis in both symbols and words.1 2 3 4 5
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88. Why are six carbon dioxide molecules required to make one glucose molecule?1 2 3 4 5
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89. A student exposed two plants to only red light and two plants to only green light. Which plants should grow better? Why? 1 2 3 4 5
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90. Figure 8–3

91. Identify the structure shown in Figure 8–3 and describe its function.1 2 3 4 5
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92. Compare photosystems I and II.1 2 3 4 5
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93. Photosystems I and II are both located in the thylakoid membrane
Photosystems I and II are both located in the thylakoid membrane. What advantage does their proximity provide? 1 2 3 4 5
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94. What is the role of hydrogen ions in the conversion of ADP to ATP?1 2 3 4 5
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95. What does the Calvin cycle do?1 2 3 4 5
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96. Describe the relationship between the light-dependent and the light-independent reactions.1 2 3 4 5
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97. List two factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.1 2 3 4 5
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98. Discuss the relationship between autotrophs and heterotrophs
Discuss the relationship between autotrophs and heterotrophs. Do heterotrophs depend on autotrophs for their survival? Explain your answer 1 2 3 4 5
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99. Compare the storage capacity of ATP and glucose
Compare the storage capacity of ATP and glucose. How does the cell use each of these molecules to store energy? 1 2 3 4 5
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100. Describe the experiments of van Helmont, Priestley, and Ingenhousz
Describe the experiments of van Helmont, Priestley, and Ingenhousz. How did the work of these scientists contribute to our current understanding of photosynthesis? 1 2 3 4 5
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101. Describe how pigments obtain energy from light
Describe how pigments obtain energy from light. Use chlorophyll as an example of the process you describe. 1 2 3 4 5
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102. Describe the kinds of light that chlorophyll and carotene pigments absorb. What is the advantage for a plant to have more than one kind of pigment? 1 2 3 4 5
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103. Trace the events that occur in the thylakoid membrane during the light-dependent reactions.1 2 3 4 5
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104. What happens to the electrons in a chlorophyll molecule when light shines on it? Does the chlorophyll molecule ever run out of electrons? Explain your answer 1 2 3 4 5
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105. Describe the activities that take place in the stroma in (a) bright sunlight and in (b) darkness.1 2 3 4 5
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106. Identify three factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis and explain the effect of each.1 2 3 4 5
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107. Following an overnight freeze, some plants often die
Following an overnight freeze, some plants often die. Some people water the plants thoroughly before and after the freeze. Explain how providing a plant with extra water before and after an overnight freeze could help it survive a freeze. 1 2 3 4 5
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