1. Chapter 15- everyday life in the 16 th century

2. Rural life Village- self-sufficient 16 th century household Reliance on agriculture- three-field rotation system “fundamentals of the home” Robot

3. Town life Heart of commerce Guilds Surplus  economic growth Wages go down and towns grow… Price Revolution= fall in real wages in light of inflation- people flocked to the cities- but had to return to the farms after losing everything. P.449 – Massy’s portrait of a moneylender…

4. Social Life Inequality and social classes defined everyday social life Family/household  village/ community  ranks and orders of society Social constructs- hierarchy determines by status rather than wealth- status was reflected in the clothes people wore and the food they ate Great Chain of Being and the Body Politic (head ruled and the arms protected…)

5. Social Structure Nobles: rank and title, coat of arms (escutcheon)- privileges included offices as well as economic privileges…(exempt from taxation)- evolved from being part of the warrior caste to officeholders (sword and robe) Town elite and gentry- did not have the same privileges as the nobility- in Venice, The Book of Gold In England, the gentry aspired to members of the elite- could be knighted (but this title was not hereditary)

6. Social Change The new rich- caused by the increase in population Need for more governors and officeholders State service (i.e. tax collecting) was very profitable The new poor- approx. ¼ of the population of Europe- usually supported by the Church- in England- (poor tax)

7. Peasant revolts Agrarian changes Forest rights Land enclosure became a big grievance for peasants- only meant for special crops Uprisings in Germany-German Peasants’ War- Twelve Articles of Swabia (1525)-

8. Private and community Life Family- lineage and economic unit and social organization “a little commonwealth” Public (man) and domestic sphere Communities- weddings and festivals Carnival

9. Popular beliefs and the persecution of witches Magical practices Witch craze- usually women… Conclusion- what shaped everyday life in 16 th century Europe? What was the impact of demographic change in everyday life? How are the terms “stratification”, “hierarchy” and “status” useful terms in describing social relations in 16 th century Europe? Describe the different roles between men and women?