1. COM 215 Media History Television and Cable “I find television very educating. Every time somebody turns on the set, I go into the other room and read a book.” ― Groucho MarxGroucho Marx

2. Outline Early Television Development of Cable 3 rd and 4 th screens Discussion [Break: 7:25pm] Media Specificity – Flow and Liveness Major Programming Trends Single Camera vs. Multi-camera Alternative Television  TVTV, VideoFreex, Paper Tiger TV

3. Early TV Cathode Ray Tube Scanning Disk

4. Early TV Image Dissector Tube Scanning Disk

5. Early TV: setting technical standards

6. Regulating Television Communication Act of 1934 1948 FCC halts new licenses 1952 NTSC solves interference, issues new licenses 1954 Color standard approved (CBS) VHF, UHF 1967 Public Interest Programming

7. Early Forms of Sponsorship Single Sponsorship Model

8. Early Forms of Sponsorship Single Sponsorship Model

9. Television’s potential Quiz show scandal “Twenty One”

10. Television’s potential 1961 FCC Commissioner Newton Minnow’s “Vast Wasteland” speechspeech

11. History of Cable TV

12. Cable TV (cont.) Telstar (1960) HBO (1975) TBS (1976) Narrowcasting...

13. Third and fourth screens How does digital technology change viewing habits? What are the consequences for culture and society? “electronic hearth” and “digital encounter”

14. Major Programming Trends Network News – “the Cronkite Moment”“the Cronkite Moment”

15. Medium Specificity TV defined not by content, but simultaneous experience  “flow” “the defining characteristic of broadcasting”  “liveness,” “pseudo-liveness” Television: Technology And Cultural Form

16. Medium Specificity Flow and liveness in digital age  DVRs, TIVO, online streaming, syndication  Live chats, liveblogging, Voting on American Idol  Spoiling, fast pace of fan communities Television: Technology And Cultural Form

17. Major Programming Trends Comedies  sketch  sitcom  domestic comedy

18. Major Programming Trends

19. Multicamera setup

20. Major Programming Trends Drama  Anthology dramas and miniseries  Episodic series Chapter shows Serials Hybrids

21. Major Programming Trends Single Camera shoot

22. Major Programming Trends Reality TV  “Naked and Afraid” Fake Reality TV?  “Siberia”

23. Regulatory Challenges 1970 Prime Time Access Rule (PTAR) 1970 Financial Interest and Syndication Rules - fin-syn 1972 (1965) must-carry rules 1972 access channel mandates Midwest Video Case  Electronic publisher or common carrier Telecom Act of 1996  90% have only one local cable company

24. Discussion: Regulatory Challenges How has the regulation of television and cable shaped television programming (kinds of programs produced and allowed to air)?  1970 Prime Time Access Rule (PTAR)  1970 Financial Interest and Syndication Rules - fin-syn  1972 (1965) must-carry rules  1972 access channel mandates  Midwest Video Case  Electronic publisher or common carrier  Telecom Act of 1996  90% have only one local cable company

25. TV Ratings – recap Nielson Ratings (= ad rates/CPM)  Methods (narrowcast, quantitative) who and how many (ratings and share) DMA’s  Impact on programming (live or die)  Current trends Social Media

26. Television Studies