1. Algal beds and reefs have a NPP of 2500 g dry matter/m2/yr, while savannas have only a 850 g dry matter/m2/yr NPP. – Identify the primary producers in each ecosystem. – Name one limiting factor in each ecosystem. – Explain the difference between NPP in these ecosystems. Describe the different ways that matter, such as carbon atoms, and energy move through ecosystems. Distinguish between energy and heat Explain the role of two important biological processes in the carbon cycle.

2. Analyze the graph below. Suggest a possible hypothesis for the difference in nitrate runoff between the two areas.

3. In what forms are carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous taken in by – Bacteria – Plants – Animals Why is nutrient availability in a tropical rain forest particularly vulnerable to logging? Describe two ways in which humans intervene with the nitrogen cycle. How does temperature and precipitation affect the rate of decomposition?

4. Describe the role of the following in the nitrogen cycle: – Denitrification – Nitrification – Ammonification – Nitrogen fixation – Assimilation Name two biological processes that alter the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Name an organism that can perform both processes.

5. In an ecosystem 768,000 kcal of energy of sunlight hit plants and 34,000 kcal of organic matter was created by plants. However, only 2,899 kcal was available for the secondary consumers to take in. – What is the ratio of energy of sunlight that was converted to GPP? – What is the ratio of energy of sunlight that was converted to NPP?