1. Chapter 3 Section 3 & 4

2. Performing Music Alone Why do you think people perform music alone? Two instruments often played alone are the flute and guitar. -To express themselves -To convey a certain mood

3. Tuning a Guitar American composer Libby Larsen called the electric guitar the most important musical instrument of the past 50 years. Six strings tuned to a specific pitch – E A D G B E When the strings match these pitches, the guitar is “in tune.” Strings vary in thickness Thinner = higher pitches; Thicker = lower pitches Strings tuned at P4 intervals except the from M3 from G to B. Left hand presses strings and right hand strums

5. Native American Flute Flute is common to many cultures Made from natural materials – Bamboo, wood, etc. Or manufactured – Metal, glass, and ceramic Used by most Native Americans End-blown with 3 to 6 finger holes to vary pitch

6. Native American Flute Music During 19 th and 20 th centuries, flute music became nearly extinct. Renewed interest among Native Americans in flute music. Combines old and new styles including traditional flute and tribal songs, Christian music, and other non-native music.

7. Performing Music Together Why do you think people perform music together? Texture- refers to the way sounds are woven together. -Work together toward a goal that couldn’t be achieved alone -Enrich the texture of the music

8. Ensemble Ensemble- cooperative musical expression; also refers to any musical group Organizing people together in a musical manner requires cooperation, and musicians achieve this in a number of ways. At a very basic level, singers in a choir sing the same melody together monophonically. Monophonic- in unison with everyone sounding the same pitch or octave at the same time.

9. Call and Response From Chapter 1; What is it? Combining solo and choral response Question-and-answer pattern Found in spirituals and gospel music, music from African countries, jazz, blues, rock, rap, folk songs, and even backup vocals of popular music.

10. Mixed Ensembles Alternate between soloist and group (not call- and-response) Everyone has different responsibilities Ensemble usually begins together, then features solos, duets, trios, etc. while the rest provide harmonic accompaniment.

11. Mariachi Tradition Style of ensemble from the Mexican state of Jalisco Mariachi- a musical group with several violins, trumpets, large bass guitar, and special five-and six- string guitars Bass guitar - guitarron (kee-tah-rohn) Five-string guitar – vihuela (vee-way-lah) Plays many types of music – Son jalisciense (sone hah-lee-see-en-seh) From Jalisco – Cancion ranchera (cahn-see-ohn) Country song, “La Negra”

12. Bellringer