1. 1 Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast Bill Bulpitt, Susan Stewart, & Mary Hunt Georgia Tech Strategic Energy Initiative The Southeast & Mid-Atlantic Regional Wind Summit September 19-20, 2005

2. 2 Introduction Feasibility study carried out on offshore wind energy potential in coastal Georgia –Funded by NSF PFI grant: InfinitEnergy, A Coastal Georgia Partnership for Innovation

3. 3 Current Study South Atlantic Bight –6 years of highly creditable wind data –50 m above ocean surface

4. 4 SE Continental Shelf 80 miles wide < 50 m deep Conventional foundation technology –<20-30 m Plenty of shallow water over horizon

5. Navy/Skidaway Instrumentation Platforms Wind Data Details 40 miles offshore 50m above ocean surface 27m water depth 6 Minute Interval Data from 6/1999- present –Wind Speed @ 50m Min, Max & Deviation –Wind Direction @ 50m Deviation

6. 6 Annual Wind Speed Distribution (Year 2000)

7. 7 Wind Power Classifications P/A=1/2  V 3

8. 8 6 Year Data Averages Month Avg. Wind Speed Avg. Power Density Approx. Class Month Avg. Wind Speed Avg. Power Density Approx. Class (m/s) (W/m 2 ) (m/s) (W/m 2 ) 1 8.26 626.7 6 7 6.04 259.8 2 2 8.09 559.8 5 8 6.07322.03 38.13585.05 9 8.43632.46 47.38397.33-4 10 6.96397.93-4 5 6.76324.9 3 11 7.28516.45 6 6.29463.14 12 7.96571.0 5 6 year Avg.7.36 m/s479.3 W/m 2 Class 4

9. 9 Monthly Average Wind Speed Over 6 Year Period

10. 10 Monthly Average Wind Power Density Over 6 Year Period

11. 11 6 Year Averaged Power Density and Frequency as a Function of Radial Direction (axis indicates % of time (for frequency) and % of total power (for power density))

12. 12 Sample Wind Turbine Specifications 3.6 MW –Hub height: ~70m-100m –Rotor Diam.: 104m –Swept Area: 8495m 2 –3.5-27 m/s –Nominal wind speed: 14m/s 2.0 MW –Hub height: 80m –Rotor Diam: 90m –Swept Area: 6362 m 2 –3.5-25 m/s –Nominal wind speed: 11.5 m/s

13. 13 Changes in Hub Height Logarithmic Law for adjustment to hub height, z : –roughness length, l = 0.0002 m (open water)

14. 14 Wind Power Curves

15. 15 Average kWh/year MonthAvg Wind Speed @ 50m (m/s) A 3.6 MW (kWh) @ 80m B 2.0 MW (kWh) @ 80m 1 8.261,025,878703,007 2 8.09898,333671,284 3 8.13955,704680,881 4 7.38745,189570,739 5 6.76627,457480,102 6 6.29491,300398,100 7 6.04497,048413,725 8 6.07495,854382,501 9 8.43890514737,301 10 6.96638,718455,669 11 7.28800,757554,307 12 7.96942,619653,202 Annual 7.369,0093706,700,817

16. 16 Capacity Factors Turbine A (3.6 MW) –28.6% Turbine B (2.0 MW) –38.2%

17. 17 Estimated Cost of Energy

18. 18 Conclusion Study concludes that offshore wind energy in the Southeast warrants further study –Resource more significant than early reports –Could generate economically competitive electricity

19. 19 U.S. Offshore Wind Power Jurisdictional, Regulatory & Permitting Issues

20. 20 Jurisdictional Issues Local Waters (impact on coastal lands and/or waterways) State Waters - coastline to three miles Federal Waters - three miles to 12 miles Exclusive Economic Zone – to 200 miles

21. 21 (cont.) Jurisdictional Issues No existing wind power generation facilities exist in U.S. coastal waters Jurisdictional authority was recently granted to the Minerals Management Services (MMS) to oversee/regulate national policy for offshore wind developments The USACE will remain the agency responsible for permitting offshore wind structures in U.S. coastal waters (based on Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act)

22. 22 Regulatory Issues Key Factors Determining the Full Range of Applicable Regulatory Requirements –Project size and location –Landfall grid connection location –Jurisdictional boundaries of the ocean (state/federal) –Competing ocean uses around the project footprint –Protected, historic or sensitive areas - both in the ocean and on coastal lands

23. 23 Permitting and Policy Issues Primary objective of permit is public involvement –Section 10 of the RHA provides for permit authority –Permit Application Initiates Public hearings NEPA review – may trigger either –Environmental Assessment (EA) which may result in a FONSI or Finding of No Significant Impact –Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

24. 24 Tybee Island Substation

25. 25 Comments on Tybee Island Geographic Characteristics –Commercial and residential area –School nearby Substation Characteristics –Needs to be upgraded –Large footprint Landfall Options –Distance to ocean: 500 yards (go through residential and commercial area and sand dune restoration area to get to ocean)

26. Viewshed – Robert Moses Park

27. ~ 0.5 nautical miles from shore

28. ~ 7.0 nautical miles from shore

29. 29 Horns Rev Country: Denmark Location: West Coast Total Capacity: 160 MW Number of Turbines: 80 Distance to Shore: 14-20 km Depth: 6-12 m Capital Costs: 270 million Euro Status: Operational Construction Date: 2002 Manufacturer: Vestas Total Capacity: 2 MW Turbine-type: V80 - 80m diameter / 70m hubheight Mean Windspeed: 9.7 m/s Annual Energy output: 600 GWh Windfarm Developer: Elsam http://www.hornsrev.dk/Engelsk/default_ie.htm http://www.hornsrev.dk/Engelsk/default_ie.htm

30. 30 Scroby Sands Country: United Kingdom Location: East Anglian Coast, 3km east of Great Yarmouth Total Capacity: 60 MW Number of Turbines: 30 Distance to Shore: 2.5 km Depth: 4-8 m Capital Costs: about 110 million Euro Status: Built Construction Date: 2003 Manufacturer: Vestas Total Capacity: 2 MW Turbine-type: V80 - 80m diameter/ 60m hubheight Mean Windspeed: 7.5 m/s Annual Energy output: Windfarm Developer: E.ON UK

31. Arklow Bank Site Details 60 km south of Dublin 7 - 12 km from coast 24 km long 2.5 km wide Arklow

32. Arklow Project Statistics Turbines3.6MW x 7 Dept of piles35-45m Weight of piles280tonne (5m diameter) Weight of turbines290tonne Blades50.5m, 15tonne each Nacelle/Hub height73.5M Rotational speed8.5 – 15 rpm Distance offshore 10km Onshore cable5km Voltage 38kV distribution connected Rotor diameter 104m > soccer pitch area 25MW serves 16,000 households (Irish) Sandbank 24 miles long & 2.5 wide, depths 3 -20 m Largest commercially operating turbines installed to date Largest consented offshore site todate Source: McAdam