1. The New Deal Affects Many Groups
Chapter 15-3

2. The New Deal Brings new Opportunities
The New deal would provide new opportunities for many including women & minorities
Even though gains were made they still had to deal with traditional prejudice & discrimination

3. Women Make Their Mark
One of the most notable changes was the appointment of several women to key government positions
Frances Perkins became the first female cabinet member as Secretary of Labor
She would play a key role in the establishment of the Social Security system
Women still faced discrimination in the workplace as many believed that the woman was taking a job away from a man who was trying to support a family
In other forms of discrimination women were paid less, fewer were hired, & in some cases forbidden to be hired: CCC
The number of women in the workplace would grow during this period despite the discrimination & the numbers would increase as the years went on

4. African Americans Take Leadership Roles
The 1930’s witness a growth of activism for African Americans
Leading the way was A. Philip Randolph who would organize the first all black trade union: The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car porters
Mary Bethune was hired to head of the Division of Negro Affairs of the NYA
She was to ensure that young African Americans were hired & provided with the proper opportunities
She even help create the “Black Cabinet” which would help advise FDR on racial issues
Never before had African Americans had such a prominent voice in the White House
Much of the credit for this falls at Mrs. Roosevelt's feet as she would prod the President for advances

5. The President Fails To Support Civil Rights
Despite giving African Americans more of a voice & role within the government FDR would not support full civil rights for them
He was afraid of upsetting white Democratic members of the South
He would also fail to support an antilynching law as well as a law to end poll taxes, two key goals of the Civil Rights movement
In addition many federal programs openly discriminated against African Americans as they were the last to e hired & were paid considerably less
In general the majority of African Americans would support FDR & the New Deal as they saw it as their best hope for the future

6. Mexican American Fortunes
Mexican Americans also tended to support the New Deal even though they received less than did African Americans
Many Mexicans had come to the Southwest to work on the large farms
When the depression hit their wages would fall to low as $.09 an hour
Many of the federal programs would discriminate against them by disqualifying them as migrant workers who had no permanent address

7. Native Americans Gain Support
Native Americans received strong support from the New Deal as they were granted citizenship by 1933
John Collier would head the Bureau of Indian Affairs & would help create the Reorganization Act of 1934
This would move policy to Native American autonomy rather than assimilation
Economically it gave land ownership to the entire tribe prohibiting the government from coming in & selling unclaimed reservation lands
Culturally it would allow Indian children to attend schools on reservations helping to preserve the Indian way of life
Politically the Indian tribes were given permission to elect tribal councils to govern their reservations

8. FDR Creates The New Deal Coalition
Although the New Deal had mixed results for many minorities these groups generally backed him & his New Deal policy
In fact one of FDR’s great achievements was the creation of the New Deal Coalition
This was an alignment of diverse groups dedicated to supporting the Democratic Party
As a result of the success of this group the Democrats would dominate the political front for throughout the 1930’s & 1940’s

9. Labor Unions Flourish
As a result of the Wagner Act & other pro labor legislation passed under FDR union members enjoyed better working conditions, better working hours, & better pay
Because of these gains the unions & their members would show great support for FDR
By 1941 labor membership had grown to over 10 million members strong
Within the many unions a struggle would develop for dominance within the labor movement itself
Unions such as the American Federation of Labor would compete against unions such as the United Mine Workers or the Ladies Garment workers
Many of these conflicts would lead to violent outbursts within the labor movement itself

10. Labor Disputes
One of the main bargaining tactics of the labor movement was the sit down strike
Here workers would simply sit down refusing to do any work & effectively stopping production
Many of the strikes would lead to clashes of striking workers, police, strikebreakers, & scabs
In all the union was a vital cog in the effort to gain better conditions & wages for the American worker
The benefits we enjoy today are the result of the sweat & blood that was spilled in the 1930’s

11. FDR Wins In 1936
FDR would cruise to an easy victory in the 1936 election
FDR enjoyed the support of labor, many minorities, women, African Americans, & Native Americans
The support of so many key groups coupled with the growing improvement of the economy the Republicans stood no chance of regaining the White House