1. BELLWORK – Block 1 1.Explain the political/economic effects of the revolutions in Latin America. 2.Explain the social effects of the revolutions in Latin America. 3.With regards to effects, list two similarities and two differences between British and Spanish revolutions. 4.THINKER: Why were the colonists victorious in their revolutions against Spain?

2. BELLWORK – Block 2 1.Explain the causes of the Brazilian Revolution. 2.How did the royal family of Brazil respond to France’s takeover of Portugal? How did Portuguese citizens respond to this? 3.What changes did King Joao implement in Brazil? 4.What eventually led to Brazilian independence? 5.THINKER: What is historiography?

3. EA Paper 3 Practice Analyze the political, social, and military reasons why the 13 colonies were able to win their independence from Britain.

4. American Revolution Essay Letter Grade; 40 points (double score of 20) Graded on three components: Argument –Clearly structured and organized essay –Arguments are clear Historical Understanding (Factual knowledge) –Demonstrates knowledge of topic –Use evidence to prove argument Historiography –In depth analysis of event –“history of history” –Not just what happened; but why and how this lead to American victory

5. Common Mishaps W/C (word choice) –They were a well put together army –The colonists came up with a new strategy P/V (passive voice) –They had been going –They had learned –The militia would wear uniforms Past vs. Present tense Use of I, we, our Opinionated Statements –George Washington should have increased the use of espionage to end the war faster. Stick to question prompt –Start of war Transitions –In order to deliver messages, the colonists used espionage. Vague statements –Knowledge was important to fight the colonists –Von Steuben was a great leader who implemented many changes to the army Rankings –The best strategy we used was guerilla warfare. The second best was espionage. Keep points organized –Alliance with France needs to be specific to one argument –Keep arguments in the same order you present them in your thesis

6. Historiography Examples need to be EXPLAINED, not just described. Analyze HOW and WHY they led to victory!!! The French were the biggest allies to colonial troops. Besides the French, the Netherlands, Spanish & Prussians aided the rebels. These diplomatic ties were a key reason for victory. Another key reason for victory was the alliance with France. Years prior, France had a tumultuous relationship with England following their loss in the French-Indian War. After the colonial victory in Saratoga, France assisted the rebels. They offered the colonies economic aide; supplying them with weapons and provisions. French naval blockades stopped British shipments and damaged their economy and war effort considerably. Without foreign aide, the colonists may have failed.

7. Historiography A main fighting strategy developed by the colonists was guerilla warfare. This was based on “hit-and-run” tactics. Colonists would ambush the British as they were moving, then retreat into the woods. Since the colonists knew the terrain, it was a benefit to them. The colonists used guerilla warfare as their main strategy. This military tactic was effective because the British were accustomed to open- field battles and were not prepared for sneak attacks or ambushes. The colonists used these ambushes to kill British generals and Native American guides, which caused disorganization among British troops. In addition, the colonists used their knowledge of the terrain to hide and plan attacks. The new fighting tactic of guerilla warfare was a key reason for victory.

8. American Revolution Essay: Reflection and Revision

9. Unit 1 Exam: Independence Movements Buy note cards!!! True/False: explain why answer is false Reading passages: w/ multiple choice Multiple choice questions (higher level) Identification: people/terms Short response: 3 questions / 6 choices (2-3 sentences each) Extra Credit