1. The African American Influence on the United States World Cultures 8

2. Influences  How did African slaves influence the United States?  What areas were influenced?  How were they influenced?

3. Government  Civil War  was it just about slavery?

4. Civil War  was about  Slavery  Tariffs  “Manifest Destiny” - ???  Divergent world views

5. Civil War  Many new ideas from Africa and Europe mixed together to create new and unique ideas  Art: photography  Music – realism + romanticism + folk songs

6. Music  polyrhythm  call-and-response – 1 person does something and another person “responds”  think “cheerleaders”  new instruments  banjo  Blues  Jazz  Rock

7. Music  Rap  R & B  Hip Hop  Gospel  Spirituals

8. Blues  Came before jazz  helped “invent” jazz  late 19 th century or 1800’s  came from field/work songs  also from prison songs/chain gang chants  Form of folk music  came from the people (weren’t really musicians)

9. Blues  listening and repeating  couldn’t read music!  oral traditions  changes it!  mostly recreational

10. Blues  Famous Blues musicians  BB King  Howlin’ Wolf  Muddy Waters

11. Jazz  born around 1900 in New Orleans, Louisiana  1 st great jazz soloist – Louis Armstrong  Louisiana history  French territory (European influence)  Migration of all types of people  Culture of slavery  Bands from military marching (Europe) + field hollers and blues music = JAZZ  +spirituals and rag time

12. Jazz  Original style = Dixieland  folk and orchestral instruments  Trombone, cornet, clarinet, banjo, piano, drums  Call-and-response  As it became more popular, it changed or evolved  new instruments  guitar, saxophone, bass  innovations  vocalists

13. Jazz  Dixieland  Big Band  Crooners  Bebop  Cool jazz  tradition of experimenting and being spontaneous

14. Jazz  Charles Mingus –used their music for persuasion  political issues of his time  Fables of Faubus – racism and school integration during Civil Rights movement  No jazz = No hip-hop, no rap, no rock, no Broadway, no Hollywood musicals

15. Gospel/Spiritual  Christianity was forced on slaves who were not always Christian  slaves put their own traditions into the new religion  field holler  call-and-response  Choral tradition  Congregational singing

16. Gospel  Gospel quartet singing  originally only men  4 voice parts similar to those of a barbershop quartet (bass, baritone, tenor, lead)

17. Dance  Latin America + U.S.  Salsa  Clave  polyrhythms  Bomba (from Puerto Rico) – Call & Response

18. Dance  Tango (from Argentina) – African + Portuguese origins  Plantation dances

19. Drama  Oral tradition - ?  Creation myths  Trickster characters – Anansi, etc.  way to bring the culture with them from Africa

20. Drama  Slave tales  cunning character  outsmarts those who try to take advantage of him  rhythmic language  great animation in the telling

21. Drama  Can you see how any of those points/ideas have influenced American drama?  TV shows?  Movies?  Plays?