1. CREATING A ZIGBEE HOME AREA NETWORK SIMULATOR FOR SMART GRID SECURITY RESEARCH Gabriel Garza, Samujjwal Bhandari, & Susan Urban Texas Tech University 2012 Research Experience for Undergraduate Site Project Motivation Additional Research is needed in order to secure the ZigBee home area network section of the Smart Grid The ZigBee protocol is vulnerable to attack Simulation is needed to create a test bed for detecting intrusion patterns A test bed will support research at Texas Tech University on detection and learning of intrusion patterns Ground work to setup simulation began in 2011 Research Experience for Undergraduate Site Project Objectives Extend the HAN simulator, created from previous years REU program, for use in event stream processing technology for detecting/learning security violation patterns. I.Adding ZigBee communication protocol to simulation. i.Simulate ZigBee data packet. II.Improving performance of agents to match ZigBee communication standards. i.Lower CPU utilization ii.More efficient message passing III.Extending simulation to allow for the creation of dynamic agents. IV.Improving overall simulation stability. i.Message buffer control Future Research I.Add the ability for the simulation to generate ZigBee data packets i.Necessary for accurate simulation ii.Allows for integration to hardware II.Expand intruder agent to be capable of more attacks i.Replay attack ii.Remove device attack References [1] http://www.carbonmetrics.eu/Smart-Grids.php [2]http://www.zigbee.org/Specifications/ZigBee/Overview.aspx [3]http://www.sensorsmag.com/networking-communications/standards-protocols/designing- smart-energy-devices-1526 [5] http://www.inl.gov/scada/publications/d/securing_the_smart_grid_current_issues.pdf [7] Elahi, Ata, and Adam Gschwender. ZigBee Wireless Sensor and Control Network. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2010. Print. [8] "Jade - Java Agent DEvelopment Framework." Jade - Java Agent DEvelopment Framework. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 July 2012.. [9]S. Clements, M. Hadley, and T. Carroll, “Home Area Networks and the Smart Grid,” no. April, 2011. R. Wilson and C. Salisbury, "Exploiting the Security of a Smart Grid Home Area Network through Simulation," Lubbock, TX, 2010. Home Area Network (HAN) Allows for different devices to communicate with each other “Most existing home networks allow desktop and laptop computers to communicate with each other to share resources and often a common connection to the Internet.”[9] The ZigBee HAN Allows for different devices within your house to communicate to a smart meter. Gives control of different devices across your house from a signal location. *This research is supported by NSF Grant No. CNS 1005212. Opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF. Figure 1: Smart Grid Diagram Figure 4: JADE sniffer message tackingFigure 3: Home Area Network Diagram Current Power System Originally designed over 100 years ago Built to handle limited power demand One-way communication Difficult to make changes to the grid Inadequate means for power distribution Smart Grid Next phase of our power infrastructure Two-way communication Able to better integrate green energy sources Real-Time power consumption details Able to handle a changing environment Smart Grid Achievement I.Simplified start of JADE environment II.Added functionality i.Creation of multiple appliances of the same type ii.Detailed power usage information iii.Improved message cleanup III.Appliance details can be specified at startup IV.Improved JADE sniffer agent V.Intruder agent i.Parse sniffer dump file ii.DOS & Back-Off Time attack iii.Impersonate appliance & report power Java Agent Development Framework (JADE) Software framework fully implemented in Java language. Simplifies the implementation of multi-agent systems Middle-ware Set of graphical tools Agent platform can be distributed across machines Configuration can be controlled via a remote GUI [8] ZigBee Current wireless communication Either high power or resource demands Not suitable for long-term Needs occasional maintenance ZigBee Similar to Bluetooth Low data rate - 250 Kbit/s Designed for small burst of data communication Long battery life Secure networking Uses 802.15.4 spectrum for communication [7] Figure 2: ZigBee Logo Figure 6: JADE Agent Status View Figure 5: Smart Grid components