2. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100 Welcome to Changes Over Time Who Wants to be a Millionaire 50:50

3. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved

4. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100

5. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved A: 22 C: 1414 B: 4 D: 2424 50:50 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100 The picture shows dinosaur tracks found in rocks. How many dinosaurs left their tracks here?

6. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100

7. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved A: domestic chickendomestic chicken C: bullfrog B: catfishcatfish D: king snakeking snake 50:50 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100 The diagram above shows the embryological development of Eleutherodactylus coqui. This animal is probably most closely related to the —

8. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100

9. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved A: mutationmutation C: variationvariation B: selection D: adaptation 50:50 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100 A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce is called a(n) _____?

10. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100

11. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved A: C: B: D: 50:50 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100 Seeds come in different shapes to help them travel away from the parent plant. Some seeds stick to the fur of animals as they walk close to plants, while other seeds get blown away by the wind. Which of the following seeds probably travels by wind?

12. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100

13. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved A: become smallerbecome smaller C: grown toesgrown toes B: lost its toes D: remained the same sizeremained the same size 50:50 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100 According to the diagram, during the last 40 million years, the structure of the horse’s foot has —

14. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved Congratulations! You’ve Reached the $1,000 Milestone! Congratulations! C o n g r a t u l a t i o n s !

15. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100

16. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved A: embryological structuresembryological structures C: homologous structures B: analogous structuresanalogous structures D: homozygous structureshomozygous structures 50:50 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100 Structures that have a similar evolutionary origin and structure but are adapted for different purposes, such as a bat wing and a human arm, are called _____.

17. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100

18. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved A: C: B: D: 50:50 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100 The skull of the hyena is made for crushing bone. Which skull below belongs to a prehistoric bone-crushing animal?

19. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100

20. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved A: mollusk, like a giant squid mollusk, like a giant squid C: mammal, like a sea lion B: fish, like a sea bass fish, like a sea bass D: crustacean, like a king crab crustacean, like a king crab 50:50 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100 An expert should have been called in to identify the bones. The fisherman probably found bones of a large —

21. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100

22. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved A: C: B: D: 50:50 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100 The skulls below belong to different animals. Which skull belongs to the animal that is probably unrelated to the other three?

23. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100

24. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved A: C: B: D: 50:50 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100 Which bird’s foot is best adapted to flying into a region and picking up prey?

25. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved Congratulations! You’ve Reached the $32,000 Milestone! Congratulations! C o n g r a t u l a t i o n s !

26. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100

27. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved A: The thickness of its bill The thickness of its bill C: The shape of its feet B: The crest of feathers on its head The crest of feathers on its head D: The color of its wings The color of its wings 50:50 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100 Which characteristic supports the hypothesis that this bird spends a great deal of time in the trees and shrubs?

28. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100

29. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved A: use of streptomycin for bacterial infections C: artificial production of streptomycin artificial production of streptomycin B: numbers of alternatives to streptomycin numbers of alternatives to streptomycin D: early detection of bacterial infections early detection of bacterial infections 50:50 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100 Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Many years ago, streptomycin easily controlled the bacterium. Now streptomycin is much less effective against the resistant M. tuberculosis. The increasing resistance of M. tuberculosis to streptomycin is most likely due to the increased —?

30. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100

31. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved A: carbon-datingcarbon-dating C: observations of modern horses observations of modern horses B: hypotheses of scientists hypotheses of scientists D: the fossil record 50:50 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100 The diagram above shows the changes over time in the horse. Evidence for these changes most likely came from —

32. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100

33. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved A: Horse: Met-Gly-Ser-Ser-Tyr- Arg-Arg- Asp-His-Glu-Lys-Asp Horse: Met-Gly-Ser-Ser-Tyr- Arg-Arg- Asp-His-Glu-Lys-Asp C: Dog:Met-Gly-Ser-Tyr-Tyr- Arg-His-Asp-Glu-Lys-Asp B: Cat: Met-Gly-Ser-Tyr-Tyr- Arg-His-His-Arg-Lys-Thre-Asp Cat: Met-Gly-Ser-Tyr-Tyr- Arg-His-His-Arg-Lys-Thre-Asp D: Mouse: Met-Gly-Ser-Tyr- Tyr-Arg-His- Glu-Val-Val-Leu Mouse: Met-Gly-Ser-Tyr- Tyr-Arg-His- Glu-Val-Val-Leu 50:50 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100 One method of determining the classification of an animal is by comparing the amino acid sequence. Which of these animals most closely resembles the unknown animal?

34. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100

35. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved A: reproductive isolationreproductive isolation C: convergenceconvergence B: adaptive radiationadaptive radiation D: geographic isolation 50:50 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 $1 Million $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $64,000 $32,000 $16,000 $8,000 $4,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 $300 $200 $100 The island of Aldabra lies 400 kilometers off the coast of Africa and is home to the Aldabra Rail, a long-legged wetland bird. The Aldabra Rail is flightless and much different from the rails living on the mainland. This bird became a distinctly different species through —?

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37. © Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved