2. FAMILY PLANNING

3. A way of thinking and living that is adopted voluntarily, upon the basis of knowledge, attitudes and responsible decisions by individuals and couples, in order to promote the health and welfare of the family group and thus contribute effectively to the social development of a country.

4. Objectives of Family Planning a. To avoid unwanted births b. To bring about wanted births c. To regulate the intervals between pregnancies d. To control the time at which births occurs in relation to the ages of the parent; and e. To determine the number of children in the family.

5. Scope of family planning services The proper spacing and limitation of births Advice on sterility Education for parenthood Sex education Screening for pathological conditions related to the reproductive system

6. Other aspects of family planning services Genetic counseling Premarital consultation and examination Carrying out pregnancy tests, Marriage counseling The preparation of couples for the arrival of their first child Providing services for unmarried mothers Teaching home economics and nutrition Providing adoption services

7. Health aspects of family planning Women’s mortality: Morbidity of women of child-bearing age: Nutritional status (weight changes, hemoglobin level ) Preventable complications of pregnancy and abortion. Foetal health: Foetal mortality (early and late foetal death). Abnormal development

8. FERTILITY Fertility is the ability of a man or woman to cause conception of a child. Fertility is important to Public health Population change Quality of human life Natural fertility describes the level of fertility found in population that use neither contraception (temporary or permanent) nor induced abortion

9. INFERTILITY and its TYPES Infertility is the inability of a man or woman to cause conception of a child. TYPES: Primary infertility: It may result from anatomical abnormalities of the reproductive tract or malfunction of ovaries Secondary infertility: Disease associated infertility is called as secondary infertility.

10. National Demographic Goals 1. The average size of the family would be reduced from 4.2 children to 2.3 children 2. The birth rate per 1000 population would be reduced to 21 3. The death rate per 1000 population would be reduced to 9 4. The infant morality rate would be reduced to 60 or less 5. The effective couple protection rate would be raised to at least 60 per cent.

11. Pakistan Demographics Profile 2012 Birth rate: 24.3 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) Definition: This entry gives the average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate. The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in determining the rate of population growth. It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the population.

12. Pakistan Demographics Profile 2012 Population 190,291,129 (July 2011 est.) Population growth rate 1.551% (2011 est.)

13. Infant mortality rate total: 61.27 deaths/1,000 live births male: 64.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 57.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.) Still Birth Pakistan had a rate of 47 stillbirths per 1,000 total births compared to the global rate of 19 per 1,000. Death rate 6.8 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.) 1.Ref : http://www.indexmundi.com/pakistan/demographics_profile.html

14. Population explosion and its Problems Food deficit Housing problems Un-employment Increase in mortality & morbidity Low industrial / other development Risk of communicable diseases Lack of educational & health facilities Low standard of living

15. Success of FP in Pakistan Wrong planning Non co-operation of public/ low literacy Lack of budget Lethargy, laziness & corruption of staff Failure of methods used Not proper health education High infant mortality rate

16. FP & Birth control FP includes contraception, management of infertility, habitual abortion, genetic counselling & evaluation of termination of pregnancy. BIRTH CONTROL; Control birth rate Limit population

17. Next Lecture Topics Contraceptive Methods